Weight loss results in adaptive thermogenesis, and there is no indication for a change in adaptive thermogenesis up to 1 y, when weight loss is maintained. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01015508.

In rats, oligofructose has been shown to stimulate satiety hormone secretion, reduce energy intake and promote weight loss. The present study aimed to examine the effect of oligofructose supplementation on appetite profiles, satiety hormone concentrations and energy intake in human subjects. A total of thirty-one healthy subjects (ten men and twenty-one women) aged 28 (SEM 3) years with a BMI of 24·8 (SEM 0·3) kg/m 2 were included in a randomised double-blind, cross-over study. The subjects received 10 g oligofructose, 16 g oligofructose or 16 g placebo (maltodextrin) daily for 13 d, with a 2-week washout period between treatments. Appetite profile, active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY3-36 (PYY) concentrations and energy intake were assessed on days 0 and 13 of the treatment period. Time £ treatment interaction revealed a trend of reduction in energy intake over days 0 -13 by oligofructose (P¼ 0·068). Energy intake was significantly reduced (11 %) over time on day 13 compared with day 0 with 16 g/d oligofructose (2801 (SEM 301) v. 3217 (SEM 320) kJ, P, 0·05). Moreover, energy intake was significantly lower with 16 g/d oligofructose compared with 10 g/d oligofructose on day 13 (2801 (SEM 301) v. 3177 (SEM 276) kJ, P,0·05). Area under the curve (AUC) for GLP-1 on day 13 was significantly higher with 16 g/d oligofructose compared with 10 g/d oligofructose (45 (SEM 4) v. 41 (SEM 3) pmol/l £ h, P, 0·05). In the morning until lunch, AUC 0 -230 min for PYY on day 13 was significantly higher with 16 g/d oligofructose compared with 10 g/d oligofructose and placebo (409 (SEM 35) v. 222 (SEM 19) and 211 (SEM 20) pg/ml £ h, P,0·01). In conclusion, 16 g/d and not 10 g/d oligofructose may be an effective dose to reduce energy intake, possibly supported by higher GLP-1 and PYY concentrations.

Sleep duration benefits from weight loss or vice versa. Successful weight loss, loss of body fat, and 3-mo weight maintenance in short and average sleepers are underscored by an increase in sleep duration or vice versa. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01015508.

Background: Short sleep duration is associated with obesity during childhood and adulthood. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI) from Tanner stages 1 to 5 in a Dutch children cohort. Design: In 98 children, anthropometric measurements and leptin concentrations were measured from age 7 to 16 years; body composition, physical activity (Baecke questionnaire), hours television viewing and self-reported sleep duration were measured yearly from age 12 to 16 years. Moreover, the polymorphisms of the FTO gene (rs9939609) and parental BMI's were determined. Results: At Tanner stages 1-5 sex differences were observed in height, body weight, waist circumference, fat mass per squared meter height and leptin concentrations per kg fat mass. Inverse relationships were observed between the change in BMI (kg m -2 ) and the change in hours of sleep per night (h) from Tanner stages 1 to 4 (r ¼ À0.68, Po0.001), from Tanner stages 2 to 5 (r ¼ À0.35, Po0.05) and from Tanner stages 1 to 5 (r ¼ À0.33, Po0.05). Univariate analysis of variance showed that with progressive Tanner stages, BMI increases and sleep duration decreases in an interrelated way independent of possible confounders (R 2 ¼ 0.38, Po0.02). Conclusion: Changes in BMI during puberty were inversely related to changes in sleep duration, independent of possible confounders.

No abstract