Although considered a violation of human rights, female genital mutilation (FGM) is a commonly accepted practice in Nigeria in the ritual and sociocultural context of the population. In recent years, there have been strong policy actions by Nigerian legislature to curb this practice. Despite that, FGM continues to be a widespread phenomenon. In this study, we aimed to report on the prevalence of FGM, women’s attitude towards this practice, and its association with selected sociodemographic factors. Methods: Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2003, 2008 and 2013 provided the data for this study. The participants were married women aged between 15 and 49 years. Owing to the clustered nature of the data, a complex survey plan was created to account for cluster effects and sampling weights. Data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate regression techniques. Results: Overall prevalence of FGM was 38.9% (95% CI = 36.4–40.1), and that among their daughters was 17.4% (95% CI = 15.3–19.7). There has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of FGM in 2013 compared to its 2003 level. Respondents who had undergone circumcision were more likely to have their daughters circumcised. In all three surveys, almost all of the circumcisions were performed by traditional practitioners. In the regression analysis, respondent’s age, area and region of residency, religious affiliation, educational status, and household wealth appeared to be significant predictors of FGM. Conclusion: In Nigeria, FGM remains a widely prevalent phenomenon with an increasing number of women experiencing this practice. Important regional and socioeconomic disparities were observed in the prevalence which merit urgent policy attention.

Background and Objective: In some African countries like Guinea, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) has been considered as an essential social norm in ensuring girls’ and women’s virginity by reducing their sexual desires. This study aimed at examining the factors associated with FGM/C among daughters of women aged 15-49 in Guinea. Methods: Using the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey, we analyzed data on 10,721 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who had at least one daughter. A two-level multi-level logistic regression analysis was fitted and the random and fixed effects together with their corresponding 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs) were presented. Results: Women of all age categories had higher odds of having circumcised daughters with the substantially highest odds among those aged 35-39 (aOR=26.10, CrI=11.22-53.94) compared to those aged 15-19. “FGM/C was higher among daughters of circumcised mothers (aOR=5.50, CrI=3.11-9.72), compared to those who were not circumcise. Compared to Muslims, women who were either animists or had no religion were more likely to circumcise their daughters (aOR=2.13, CrI=1.12-4.05). Conversely, women with secondary/higher education, whose partners had secondary/higher education, Christians, women of richest wealth index and those who lived in the Faranah and N’zerekore regions were less likely to circumcise their daughters. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The current study revealed that individual and contextual factors are associated with FGM/C among daughters of women aged 15-49 in Guinea. The findings imply that eliminating FGM/C in Guinea requires multifaceted interventions such as advocacy and educational strategies like focus group discussions, peer teaching, mentor-mentee programs in regions noted with the FGM/C practice. This will help achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 5.3 which focuses on eliminating all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation by 2030.   Copyright © 2021 Ahinkorah. et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

Cet article étudie la pertinence des partenariats multipartites (PMP) dans l’aide au développement pour la santé. À partir d’une revue de littérature, d’une revue documentaire et d’entretiens effectués auprès de membres de partenariats, nous mettons d’abord en évidence l’argumentaire gagnant-gagnant et le discours éthique privilégiés dans la construction de ces partenariats. Pourtant, derrière ces principes, l’ambiguïté des partenariats multipartites est patente. Elle tient à l’absence d’objectifs clairs et à la nature relativement indéterminée des motivations qui président au lancement de ces initiatives. Le cas de l’initiative Roll Back Malaria illustre ces faiblesses.

Les régimes provinciaux et territoriaux d'assurance-médicaments au Canada varient considérablement quant aux critères d'admissibilité, et la plupart des assurances offertes sont assujetties à des plafonds, à un partage des coûts, ou à des exclusions. De fait, il existe une inégalité d'accès aux médicaments sur ordonnance pour les Canadiens, selon leur statut socio-économique et leur lieu de résidence. Ceci intervient dans un contexte où les effets du vieillissement de la population, le nombre croissant de personnes atteintes de maladies chroniques multiples, et les innovations réalisées dans le secteur des médicaments d'ordonnance ont entraîné une hausse de dépenses pour ces produits. La question soulevée par cette étude est la suivante : une province avec un meilleur régime d'assurance-médicaments dispose-t-elle d'une population en meilleure santé ?Cette étude a donc comparé les protections offertes par les régimes publics d'assurance médicaments de trois provinces (le Nouveau-Brunswick, l'Ontario et le Québec) chez les 65 ans et plus. Les résultats de notre étude suggèrent que l'état de santé des aînés ne semble pas aller en s'améliorant. Il est donc impératif que des recherches additionnelles soient effectuées afin de déterminer l'impact véritable des régimes d'assurancemédicaments sur les résultats de santé. Cela permettrait de tailler des programmes sur mesure et des politiques et mieux ciblées afin de satisfaire plus adéquatement les besoins des collectivités. Mots-clés :Assurance médicament, province, résultats de santé, vieillissement Abstract:Canadian provincial and territorial drug plans vary considerably in terms of eligibility criteria, and most of the insurance plans provided are subject to caps, cost sharing and exclusions. In fact, Canadians have unequal access to prescription medications, depending on their socio-economic status and place of residence. This comes at time then the effects of population aging, an increasing number of people with multiple chronic illnesses and innovations in the prescription medications field have brought about an increase in spending on these products. The question raised by this study is does a province with a better prescription drug plan have a healthier population?This study compared coverage of prescription drug plans among people 65 years old and over in three provinces: New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec. The results of our study suggest that senior citizen health does not seem to improve. Therefore, it is imperative that additional research be conducted to determine the true impact of prescription drug plans on health outcomes. This would allow for the creation of tailor-made, bettertargeted programs and policies to meet community needs more adequately.