Objectif : Pour améliorer la productivité du bétail et de la viande et accroitre le revenu des producteurs, la promotion des activités d’embouche est encouragée et soutenu par différents acteurs au développement. Cependant, la maitrise de l’activité par les producteurs en milieu paysan est faiblement documentée. Méthodologie et résultats : Cette étude a été conduite dans la zone semi-aride du Burkina Faso avec pour objectif d’analyser les pratiques d’embouche des producteurs et d’apprécier leur capacité de production. Elle a consisté en des enquêtes formelles auprès des emboucheurs de huit villages dont quatre dans la zone de Ouahigouya (province du Yatenga) et quatre dans la zone de Dori (province du Seno). Les données ont été collectées auprès de 197 producteurs choisis suivant un échantillonnage en boule de neige. Les résultats montrent deux groupes d’emboucheurs : le premier est dominé par les emboucheurs de la zone de Ouahigouya et le deuxième par ceux de la zone de Dori. Les emboucheurs du groupe 1 ont un âge plus avancé (54 % plus de 50 ans), que ceux du groupe 2 où près de 77 % ont moins de 50 ans. Dans le premier groupe le niveau d’instruction est relativement plus élevé, avec 40 % scolarisés contre 73 % d’illettrés pour le groupe 2. Le nombre d’ovins et de bovins embouchés est plus élevé au niveau du groupe 1 avec en moyenne 8,4 et 3,2 respectivement contre 3,8 et 2,3 pour le groupe 2. Les fosses fumières sont fréquentes dans le groupe 1 où 63% en possèdent. Conclusion et application des résultats : En conclusion, l’étude montre un faible niveau technique des emboucheurs ainsi que leur faible capacité de production, plus marqué dans la zone de Dori. Ces résultats permettent de guider les interventions dans le domaine de l’embouche, notamment de cibler les actions suivant les sites. Dans ces démarches un accent particulier devra être mis sur les cultures à double objectif afin d’améliorer l’alimentation et réduire le cout de production, tout en favorisant l’intégration agricultureélevage. Mots clés : Embouche, ovin, alimentation, capacité de production, Dori, Ouahigouya Sanon et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Analyse des pratiques d’embouche ovine dans deux zones semi-arides du Burkina Faso 15391 ABSTRACT Analysis of sheep fattening practices in two semiarid zones of Burkina Faso Objective: To improve animal and meat productivity and increase the revenue for farmers the promotion of fattening activities is encouraged and supported by many development actors. However, the knowledge of this activity by farmers in rural area is poorly documented. Methodology and results: This study was conducted in the semi-arid zone of Burkina Faso in order to analyse the fattening practices of farmers and assess their production capacity. It consisted of formal surveys of farmers in eight villages, four of which were in the Ouahigouya area (Yatenga province) and four in the Dori area (Seno province). The data were collected from 197 farmers chosen according to a snowball sampling. The results show two groups of farmers: fatteners from the Ouahigouya area and the second dominate the first by those from the Dori area. The fatteners in group 1 are older (54% over 50 years) than those in group 2 where almost 77% are under 50 years old. In the first group, the level of education is relatively higher, with 40% educated against 73% illiterate for group 2. The number of sheep and cattle fattened is higher in group 1 with on average 8.4 and 3.2 respectively against 3.8 and 2.3 for group 2. Manure pits are frequent in group 1 where 63% have them. Conclusion and application of results: This survey reveals low technical level of the farmers as well as their low production capacity, particularly in the Dori area. These results could guide interventions on fattening field particularly to target actions according to the sites. They should involve dual-purpose crop production in order to improve nutrition and reduce the cost of production, while promoting the integration of crop and livestock. Key words: fattening, sheep, feeding, production capacity, Dori, Ouahigouya
The insu ciency and variability of pasture production is a determining factor in milk production, particularly in the Sahelian zone. The objective of this study was to characterize dairy production systems and their relationship with crops to meet livestock needs. It consisted of surveys of 120 farmers in four communes in the Séno province. The results show three groups of dairy farmers that are essentially differentiated by the main activity and the sex of the farmers as well as the size of the cattle herd on the farm. The rst group is made of male agropastoralists, with herds averaging 12 cattle. Group 2 consists of male agropastoralists with an average of 22 cattle. Group 3 consists of female pastoralists (96.15%), with a herd size of about 19 head. The cows are fed on pasture and supplemented with crop residues with cotton cake, which is more important in group 2, where more farmers have hayloft for fodder conservation and manure pits compared to the other two groups. Crop residues are used primarily as feed in all groups from January to May. This supplementation allows the maintenance of milk production in the dry season and group 2, with more dairy cows, records more milk milked (6.5 and 3.8 l) and consumed in wet and dry seasons compared to the other two groups. The results suggest that the farmers in the area have low technical level and need capacity building in agropastoral elds to improve their production.
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