Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms that are found in both marine and freshwater environments. Microalgae belong to the fastest growing photosynthetic organisms since their cell doubling time can be as little as a few hours. They are highly efficient biological approach for converting CO2 and nutrients to biomass. Eukaryotic microalgae and cyanobacteria have recently reemerged as promising organisms in the effort to develop sustainable options for production of food and fuel. Marine microalgae constitute a natural source of a variety of drugs for pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic applications-which encompass carotenoids, among others. The bioactive compounds derived from microalgae have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. The aim of this review is to discuss bioactive metabolites produced by microalgae for possible applications in the Biotechnological fields.

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This study focuses on isolation of pigment producing bacteria from fresh water sediment.The isolated bacteria were grown in nutrient broth and the absorbance of extracted pigment was read at 400 nm and absorbance of 0.619 was obtained. The effective strains were optimized at pH 11 and temperature 30°C was found to be more favorable for its maximum growth. The molecular weight of efficient bacterial strains was found to be approximately 1500 bp. The antioxidant was performed using DPPH and ABTS assay. The IC 50 value of M. arborescens was higher in all the three assays in comparison with S. paucimobilis. The extracted pigment was characterized for the presence of compounds using GC-MS and FTIR analysis to determine the functional groups. As the pigment obtained from Microbacterium arborescens had shown better antioxidant activity it may be used as colorant in food industrial applications.

Objective: The current study focuses on R-Phycoerythrin pigment production from Seaweed using different chemical and physical conditions. Methods:In the present study Seaweed was collected from Rameshwaram and identified by CS-MCRI Institute, Mandapam. The collected seaweed was then washed using distilled water for further processing. Using a sterile knife the seaweed was cut into small pieces. The chopped seaweeds were then weighed and subjected to different optimization procedures for pigment production. These equally weighed seaweeds were treated with three varying Buffers at different pH, the buffer showing better O.D value was subjected to different Cell disruption techniques and finally freeze thawed at different temperature stress. Results:The seaweeds were subjected to different chemical and physical stress conditions for R-phycoerythrin production. On optimizing the different buffer solutions for pigment production Sodium phosphate buffer showed maximum O.D of 0.215 when compared to other buffers whereas on providing different pH conditions the O.D value obtained was high at pH 7.2. Different cell disruption techniques were followed for pigment production using the sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 and freeze thaw method was found suitable for the highest pigment production with O.D value of 0.441. Hence after optimization of different extraction procedures, cell disruption followed by freeze & thaw method (−20°C and 25°C) showed maximum R-phycoerythrin content. Conclusion:From the findings, it was also observed that the primary metabolites produced by these organisms may serve as potential bioactive compounds of interest in the Food industries as natural colourant and in cosmetic industries.