El presente artículo analizó la interacción de la responsabilidad social clientelar en la dominación del ser en sociedad, entendiendo a la responsabilidad social como la acción mancomunada para lograr felicidad entre las partes del aparataje económico, político y cultural. La responsabilidad social está enfocada en el paradigma del servicio y la dominación desde la teoría burocrática que plantea la eficacia, la eficiencia y la efectividad de la organización. Así mismo, el liderazgo con reglas permite asegurar que las acciones se enmarquen en parámetros de justificación y legitimidad, en condiciones de empatía entre las personas. La administración clientelar apunta a una burocracia que se articula en la autoridad y el servicio, donde norma la razón y la postura del cliente que son adheridas a la facultad de juzgar y distinguir lo verdadero de lo falso. Es decir que la razón, aspecto inherente del ser humano, genera diversidad de ideologías que se articulan entre sí. Estos pensamientos se apoyan en la filosofía moderna de la teoría burocrática weberiana y en la teoría del discurso del método de Descartes, para quien la búsqueda de la verdad del cliente es dominada por das posturas claves: la concatenación con las ciencias humanas y el servicio para la vida.

Through a reflexive and documentary methodology, the article examines the connection between clientelism and social responsibility. Understanding social responsibility as a collaborative effort to promote happiness by members of the economic, political and cultural apparatus. Furthermore, it explores the service and mastery paradigm of bureaucratic theory, which, at least in theory, increases organizational efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness. It is concluded that clientelism in administration seeks a bureaucracy delineated in power and service, where the logic and point of view of the client rules. Those who have the ability to judge and discriminate between what is true and what is not, can critically assess these issues. Reason, which is innate in human beings, creates a variety of articulated ideologies. These ideas are supported by Weber’s bureaucratic theory and Descartes’ method discourse approaches, according to which the client’s search for truth is governed by two essential perspectives: collaboration with the human sciences and service for life.

The figure of culpable recidivism typified in Article 57 of the Ecuadorian Organic Integral Penal Code is analyzed with respect to the existence of possible violations to basic principles of law, such as proportionality and culpability, in addition to its application as an aggravating factor in cases of dangerousness of the offender and potential to commit infractions again, highlighting the non-compliance with the purposes of criminal law. The possible divergence between Ecuadorian legislation, international treaties and jurisprudential positions are issues to be highlighted in the work. This is a qualitative and documentary type of research, focused on building a correct differentiation between generic and specific recidivism, to avoid future transgressions to the rights of those convicted for guilty recidivism. It is concluded that the application of Article 57 of the COIP punishes the conduct of the person, which violates the inherent rights of Ecuadorians and foreigners residing in the country, because it takes into account the dangerousness of the individual as an identifier of the recidivist, this results in a previous tendency to the judge at the time of sentencing, failing to comply with the purpose of maintaining a legal order that avoids putting the recidivist in a vulnerable situation.

This article analyzes the dynamics of political conflict that occurred during the 2016 Toma de Venezuela protest. This was a series of protests led by the political opposition demanding free and fair elections, and an end to the government of President Nicolás Maduro and his party, the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). Despite the intensity of the protests, the government managed to maintain power and the opposition's demands were not met. The methodology used for the analysis is descriptive-documentary, using premises elaborated by Doug McAdam, Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly. The strategic interaction between the participating actors in the conflict situation is established through the Hawk-Dove Game theory. This theory is based on the idea that each party has two options: adopting an aggressive or a peaceful stance, where the results will depend on the choices of both parties and their consequences. In conclusion, it is highlighted that the Toma de Venezuela has been a reminder of the widespread discontent with the government and the country's economic crisis, generating continuous political tension in the following years. This study allows for a better understanding of the dynamics of political conflicts and negotiation and resistance processes in contexts of restricted and polarized democracies

El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de generar una propuesta de portafolio de inversiones basada en la metodología de la programación lineal con el uso del método simplex con la técnica de modelado de dos fases. Para ello se toman los datos de Forex tabla 5 de inversiones que ayudaron a establecer las seis variables del modelo, cada una representando al tipo de inversión del portafolio. Los resultados indican que luego de maximizar la inversión en la función objetivo su resultado es de USD 67.790 y que posteriormente se puede generar un análisis de sensibilidad que va en función del monto que el inversionista desee arriesgar.