As technology advances into nanometer territory, the antenna problem has caused significant impact on routing tools. The antenna effect is a phenomenon of plasmainduced gate oxide degradation caused by charge accumulation on conductors.It directly influences reliability, manufacturability and yield of VLSI circuits, especially in deep-submicron technology using high density plasma. Furthermore, the continuous increase of the problem size of IC routing is also a great challenge to existing routing algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for multilevel full-chip routing with antenna avoidance using built-in jumper insertion approach. Compared with the state-of-the-art multilevel routing, the experimental results show that our approach reduced 100% antenna-violated gates and results in fewer wirelength, vias, and delay increase.

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In emergency medical services, portable ultrasound scanners have the potential to become new-age stethoscopes for emergency physicians. For trauma cases in particular, portable ultrasound scanners can scan the chest and abdomen of emergency patients both rapidly and conveniently. This study describes the development of tele-ultrasound for pre-diagnosis in a medical emergency setting as a part of the updated Mobile Hospital Emergency Medical System (MHEMS). An emergency medical technician can provide an emergency physician with a patient's ultrasound images and medical information during the patient's pre-hospitalization and transportation period using a combination of the MHEMS, the portable ultrasound scanner, and the onboard 3G communication capabilities. The MHEMS includes a Dispatch and Mission Control Center that facilitates the communication between the Emergency Department of a specified hospital, the systems aboard the ambulance. Early receipt of information relevant to the patient will enhance pre-diagnosis options for on-duty emergency physicians and allow for a hospital's emergency department to promptly prepare necessary surgical instruments or beds. Furthermore, emergency medical technicians can also obtain instructions from on-duty physicians to enhance damage and disaster control ability in critical moments.