BackgroundBariatric surgery is often the preferred method to resolve obesity and diabetes, with ~800,000 cases worldwide yearly and high outcome variability. The ability to predict the long-term Body Mass Index (BMI) change following surgery has important implications on individuals and the health care system in general. Given the tight connection between eating habits, sugar consumption, BMI, and the gut microbiome, we tested whether the microbiome before any treatment is associated with different treatment outcomes, as well as other intakes (high-density lipoproteins (HDL), Triglycerides, etc.).ResultsA projection of the gut microbiome composition of obese (sampled before and after bariatric surgery) and slim patients into principal components was performed and the relation between this projection and surgery outcome was studied. The projection reveals 3 different microbiome profiles belonging to slim, obese, and obese who underwent bariatric surgery, with post-surgery more different from the slim than the obese. The same projection allowed for a prediction of BMI loss following bariatric surgery, using only the pre-surgery microbiome.ConclusionsThe gut microbiome can be decomposed into main components depicting the patient’s development and predicting in advance the outcome. Those may be translated into better clinical management of obese individuals planning to undergo metabolic surgery.ImportanceBMI and diabetes can affect the gut microbiome composition.Bariatric surgery has large variabilities in outcome.The microbiome was previously shown to be a good predictor for multiple diseases.We analyzed here the gut microbiome before and after bariatric surgery and show that: The microbiome before surgery can be used to predict surgery outcome.Post-surgery microbiome drifts further away from the slim microbiome than pre-surgery obese patients.These results can lead to a microbiome-based pre-surgery decision whether to perform surgery.

Recently, a number of children with chronic inflammatory diseases of the digestive organs is growing in Russia. This article considers the clinical manifestations of children with chronic gastro-duodenal diseases. The problems of the chronic diseases of gastrointestinal tract are relevant due to the significant prevalence the digestive diseases in children, among them the leading place is a gastro-duodenal pathology. The high prevalence of this pathology in children is an important social and medical problem. An analysis of the prevalence of digestive diseases among the children in the Russian Federation indicates that over the last 20 years there is a significant increase in gastrointestinal pathology in children and uncontrolled increase in the incidence of diseases of the stomach and duodenum. The clinical manifestations of a chronic gastro-duodenal pathology are various and depend on the degree of structural changes of the organs, their location, a stage of the pathological process, functional status and disturbance of metabolic processes in the body. Chronic diseases of the digestive system in children often begin in pre-school and school age. The gastro-duodenal diseases have a relapsing course, they are a cause of anatomical changes of the body. In the future, it leads to loss of earning capacity and disability among the adult population.

Recently, in Russia the number of children with chronic inflammatory diseases of the digestive system grows steadily. Chronic diseases of the digestive system in children often begin in pre-school and school age. This article discusses the objective criteria of the chronic diseases of the digestive system in children. This pathology is an important social and medical problem among children. Today, there are many children with digestive pathology. The leading is gastro-duodenal pathology. Analysis of the above data shows the high complexity of the diagnostic evaluation of different symptoms that can only be detected on palpation of the anterior abdominal wall in children with combined pathology of the organs of the gastro-duodenal zone. This is due to the co-morbidity of development of pathological process. On the other part, however, the authors observed a logical relation in the frequency of occurrence of these or other symptoms depending on the extent and nature of the lesion of the stomach, duodenum, biliary system, pancreas in children. This again underlines the importance of improving instrumental methods in children with disorders of the digestive system.

Currently, there is prevalence of rotavirus infection among children, mass outbreaks of infections which are independent on the sanitary-hygienic conditions, there is no rational approach to the treatment of this disease. However, the clinical manifestations of this disease are vary depending on the age and are associated to available conditionally pathogenic flora. The study revealed that the most pronounced are the symptoms of gastro-duodenal lesions in children with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis at the initial stage of the disease. Flatu-lence, bloating, phenomena hematolite didn’t observed in any child with this nosology. Intestinal syndrome to a greater extent was expressed in acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in combination with conditionally pathogenic microflora at the initial stage of the disease. The effects of toxicity and exitosa were more pronounced in child-ren at younger ages and in acute gastroenteritis; it is combined with conditionally pathogenic microflora. Severe toxemia and exsicosis wasn’t revealed in any of the examined children. In this research, the purpose was to study the history, clinical features of the progress of rotaviruses infection in children of different ages.