Abstract. In our previous study, the iron content in spinach plants could be detected by magnetic susceptibility values. In the present work, magnetic nano particles were found from the iron sand. The magnetic nano particles are synthesis by using co-precipitation process and sol-gel technique. The stimulation of magnetic nano particles in the plant has been done by the provision of magnetic nano particles in growing media. After certain time, plant samples was characterized using susceptibility-meter MS2B and atomic absorption spectroscopy to measure the magnetic susceptibility and the amount of iron content that absorbed of the plant, respectively. The iron content in the spinach plants was increased when the magnetic nano particles was injected in the growing media.

A highly (002)-oriented ZnO NRs on the Si/SiO2 substrate was successfully synthesized by the spray-hydrothermal method, where ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were used as templates. Interestingly, by varying deposition temperatures from 150 to 350 °C, we successfully modified the orientation of the nanorod from vertical/horizontal to globular. This result is related to the agglomeration of ZnO NPs in the deposition process. Furthermore, globular ZnO NR showed a high electron transfer up to ∼9×1014 Ω−1 cm−1 eV with the presence of an excitonic state. Our results will provide an alternative in designing the structure and morphology of ZnO NR at a more affordable cost for high-performance optoelectronic applications.