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Hydrogenation of CO2 provides an alternative route for methanol production and attractive option for CO2 utilization. The present work investigates the synthesis of Cu-based catalyst on mesoporous silica (SBA-15) and promotion of the Cu-based catalyst with niobium (Nb). The addition of Nb promoter enhanced the reducibility and dispersion of the active sites as well as increased the BET and Cu surface areas. The performance of the synthesized catalyst in the hydrogenation of CO2 was evaluated in a fixed-bed microreactor at 523K, 22.5bar and H2/CO2 of 3. The CO2 conversion using the Cu/ZnO/SBA-15 catalyst was 14.2 % and increased to 17.1% on the Nb-promoted catalyst. The yield of methanol obtained using the un-promoted Cu-based catalyst was 51.4 g/h.gcat and it increased to 143 g/h.gcat over the Nb-promoted catalyst.

Extracting the trapped oil into the pores is still a massive challenging. In this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were utilized to investigate the influence of the nanofluid's flow rate on the oil recovery in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) stage. At the optimum conditions, comparative study was conducted to figure out the impact of EM waves on the recovery efficiency. The experimental study proved that 2 mL/min is the optimum flow rate for the utilized fluid. EM waves could enhance the recovered oil in EOR stage by 24.5% ROIP. The increment was ascribed to the extraordinary role of EM waves in increasing the viscosity of the nanofluid.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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