[Pd(L 1 )(C,N)]CF 3 SO 3 and [Pd(L 2 )(C,N)]CF 3 SO 3 (L 1 = 2,2′-bipyridine, L 2 = 1,10-phenanthroline and C,N = benzylamine) novel orthopalladated complexes have been synthesized and characterized using various techniques. The binding of the complexes with native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was monitored using UVvisible absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and thermal denaturation studies. Our results indicate that these complexes can strongly bind to CT-DNA via partial intercalative mode. In addition, fluorescence spectrometry of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the complexes shows that the fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA is a static process. The results of site-competitive replacement experiments with specific site markers clearly indicate that the complexes bind to site I of BSA. Notably, the complexes exhibit significant in vitro cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines (Jurkat and MCF-7) with IC 50 values varying from 37 to 53 μM. Finally, a molecular docking experiment effectively proves the binding of the Pd(II) complexes to DNA and BSA.

This study investigates the concentration of nitrate in groundwater in the province of Tehran. It also proposes the combination of ion exchange and biological denitrification as an effective way of removing nitrate from drinking water. The concentration of nitrate was measured in more than 200 deep and semi-deep wells spread throughout urban and rural areas in Tehran. The result proved the presence of nitrate in a wide area in the province, especially in the southern part of the city of Tehran, and areas next to industrial or agricultural centers. The results show that there is a linear relationship between R (the proportion of nitrate ion concentration to total nitrate and sulfate ion concentrations in the influent) and the amount of each nitrate and sulfate ion derived from total capacity of resins. The last step in this study included denitrification of the spent regenerant by SBR 1 and BPBR 2 . At high concentrations of salt and nitrate, BPBR performed well while SBR showed an average performance.

Two new complexes, [Pd(L1)(C,N)]NO3 (1) and [Pd(L2)(C,N)]NO3 (2) (L1 = 5‐nitro‐1,10‐phenanthroline, L2 = 4‐methyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline, C,N = benzylamine), have been synthesized and characterized using infrared and NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Montmorillonite (MMT‐K10 clay) was used as a solid support for incorporating the cationic part of complexes 1 and 2 to produce catalysts 1 and 2, respectively, as heterogeneous catalysts. Catalyst 1 was identified using powder X‐ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopies, and the content of palladium obtained from inductively coupled plasma analysis. By changing the electron‐donating group on the L1 ligand with an electron‐withdrawing one, a minor improvement was observed in the catalytic properties. Catalyst 1 showed better efficiency for oxidation of benzyl alcohol in comparison with catalyst 2, so catalyst 1 was used for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols to corresponding aldehydes or ketones without over‐oxidation (with and without bubbling of air). This catalytic system showed high activity towards alcohols under mild conditions. Finally, the reusability of catalyst 1 was investigated with multiple reuses of the supported catalyst in subsequent alcohol oxidation reactions.

Mamloo Dam is under construction downstream of the Jajrood River to supply Varamin plain's irrigation water, flood control and produce energy.The river water quality as DO, BOD and temperature and its self-purification capacity was studied to define the minimum safe water flow downstream of the dam.The results show that the water quality will not change considerable upstream of the Parchin complex. However, after the complex outfall, the river water quality changes severely; even the effluent is treated up to National standard levels.The main reasons for the changes in river water quality are Parchin high water withdrawal as well as the high ratio of its effluent to the river flow. The dam construction will raise this effect significantly.The results show that national effluent standards, which are based on pollution concentration without considering waste loads and receiving environmental conditions in some cases cannot be satisfied and promulgation and enforcement of effluent standards are necessary.

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