Objetivo: Avaliar a sobrecarga do cuidador informal de idosos com Alzheimer e analisar seu perfil socioeconômico e epidemiológico. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, de cunho quantitativo, realizado com 69 cuidadores familiares de idosos. Foram coletados dados referentes as condições socioeconômicas, epidemiológicas e nível de sobrecarga do cuidador. Resultados: O perfil desses cuidadores evidenciou predomínio de mulheres (91,3%), casadas (50,7%), com idade avançada (31,9%), grau de escolaridade médio (42,0%), que não exercem atividade remunerada (58,0%) e renda de até 2 salários mínimos (34,8%). Demonstrou-se que um grande percentual de cuidadores apresenta mais de uma doença como transtornos psicológicos, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e problemas na coluna (37,7%). Constatou-se que a maioria dos cuidadores apresentavam sobrecarga intensa (59,4%). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se necessidade de suporte pela equipe de Enfermagem aos cuidadores.Palavras-chave: doença de Alzheimer, demência, cuidadores, enfermagem geriátrica, cuidados de enfermagem.
Introdução: A ocorrência da depressão em idosos aumenta o risco de morbidade clínica. Com isso sua identificação precoce e das condições determinantes para o desenvolvimento da doença é de fundamental importância para o diagnóstico da doença e consequentemente para a prática da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE). Objetivo: identificar e analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura, no que tange os Cuidados de Enfermagem em Idoso com Depressão, na série histórica de 2015-2019. Metodologia: A questão norteadora da pesquisa foi elaborada por meio da estratégia PICO. Após a seleção dos artigos, os dados foram processados e analisados com o auxílio do software IRaMuTeQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires). Resultados: Foi identificado os artigos em relação aos títulos, ano de publicação, autores e base de dados (Quadro 1). Percebeu-se que 50% dos artigos foram retirados da base de dados BDENF, enquanto 16,6% artigos foram retirados da base de dados Medline e 33.3% da base de dados Web of Sience. Conclusão: Através do nosso estudo podemos identificar que a participação da enfermagem no tratamento da pessoa idosa com depressão é extremamente importante tanto na identificação dos sinais e sintomas que deem indicio que aquele paciente está entrando em um processo depressivo.
(1) Background: The main goal of this study was to analyze the HIV epidemic temporally and spatially among young people living in Pará, Brazil, from 2007 to 2018; (2) Methods: For the temporal analysis, we employed an integrated autoregression of moving averages model associated with the seasonal trend using the LOESS decomposition method, which allowed for predictions to be made. In the spatial analysis, the techniques of autocorrelation, spatial and spatio-temporal risk analysis, and geographically weighted regression were used; (3) Results: During the study period, there were 8143 notifications of HIV/AIDS cases. The temporal prediction indicated a trend of growth in the incidence rate in the 20–24-year-old group from January 2019 to December 2022 and a trend of stability in the 15- to 19-year-old and 25- to 29-year-old groups. There was a territorial expansion of the HIV epidemic in Pará. Novo Progresso and the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB) were the zones with the highest spatial and spatio-temporal risk for HIV. Social determinants including the Basic Education Development Index, the number of physicians per 10,000 inhabitants, and the municipal high school abandonment rate in the municipalities were associated with the risk of HIV/AIDS among young people in Pará; (4) Conclusions: To eliminate HIV among young people in Pará, the access to treatment, diagnosis, and preventive healthcare services should be expanded. Sexual and reproductive health education should be reinforced in schools and communities. Furthermore, it is necessary to promote social equity and fight HIV stigma.
The influences of public policies fighting HIV among women who have sex with women is scarcely studied. This study aimed to analyse the time series of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, between 2007 and 2020, among Brazilian women who have sex with women, in order to evaluate the effect of Brazilian policies for fighting HIV in this subpopulation compared to women who have sex with men (WSM). This ecological study employed HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) new cases among women who have sex strictly with women (WSW), women who have sex with men and women (WSMW), and WSM reported to the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação from 2007 to 2020. Crude Brazilian and regional annual age-adjusted HIV/AIDS population-level incidence rates were calculated for WSW, WSMW and WSM. The rates were then analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model. A total of 102,890, 757, and 1,699 notifications of WSW, WSMW, and WSM living with HIV/AIDS were reported during the study period, respectively. South Brazilian region had the greatest HIV/AIDS incidence rates among WSM and bisexual women while the North region had the greatest incidence among WSW. In the WSM population, the temporal trends showed at least one stable or an increasing trend period from 2007 to 2013 or 2014, followed by one decreasing trend in all Brazilian regions. While among the WSMW most of the regions had a stable trend period from 2007 to 2020, in WSW group most of the trends had only one decreasing period. The decreasing trends were faster in WSM than in WSW. These results suggest a low efficiency of Brazilian policies for fighting HIV among WSW and WSMW and show the necessity of implementing new policies specific to this population.
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