Recebido em 8/2/08; aceito em 2/4/08; publicado na web em 29/4/08 ANTIFUNGAL SAPONINS FROM Swartzia langsdorffii. Chromatographic fractionation of the EtOH extract from the leaves of Swartzia langsdorffii afforded the pentacyclic triterpenes oleanolic acid and lupeol, and two saponins: oleanolic acid 3-sophoroside and the new ester 3-O-β-D-(6'-methyl)-glucopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanate. Their structures were elucidated from spectral data, including 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. Antifungal activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated, using phytopathogens Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum, and human pathogens Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans.Keywords: Swartzia langsdorffii; saponins; antifungal activity. INTRODUÇÃOEspécies da família Fabaceae são amplamente distribuídas em regiões tropicais e subtropicais e divididas em três subfamílias: Caesalpinoideae, Mimosoideae e Papilionoideae.1 O gênero Swartzia pertence à subfamília Caesalpinoideae e inclui 150 espécies, distribuídas pelas Américas do Sul e Central e África. Na América do Sul, o centro de maior diversidade desse gênero está na região amazôni-ca. No Brasil, além da região amazônica, existe uma considerável representatividade de espécies na região sudeste. 1,2Swartzia langsdorffii pertence à subfamília Caesalpinoideae, e é popularmente conhecida como banana-de-papagaio, jacarandá-banana e jacarandá-de-sangue. Na região sudeste, é encontrada nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo nas formações florestais do complexo atlântico, principalmente na Serra do Mar.3 A árvore é ornamental, principalmente quando em flor, e seus frutos são muito procurados por várias espécies da fauna, que se alimentam do arilo suculento que envolve parcialmente a semente. Por essa razão, essa árvore é interessante para plantio em áreas degradadas para preservação permanente.3 O gênero Swartzia é caracterizado pela presença de isoflavonóides, saponinas triterpênicas e diterpenos aromáti-cos.2,4-7 Espécies deste gênero apresentam constituintes químicos com atividade antimicrobiana, 4 antifúngica, 5 moluscicida 6 e citotóxica, 2,7 o que mostra a importância da investigação adicional sobre aspectos fitoquímicos e/ou farmacológicos destas espécies. Em nosso programa de bioprospecção, o extrato de Swartzia langsdorffii destacou-se pela marcante atividade antifúngica frente a fitopatógenos e patógenos humanos. Os fungos são amplamente associados a doenças oportunistas e tem-se observado aumento no núme-ro de pacientes com alterações no estado imunológico associado ao vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida (HIV), à quimioterapia do cân-cer e transplante de órgãos e de sangue. Coincidindo com esse aumento de pacientes imunocomprometidos tem ocorrido um aumento da incidência de micoses sistêmicas humanas. 8 Cryptococcus neoformans, destacado como uma das principais infecções em pacientes aidéticos, e Candida sp, descrita em 20 a 40% de pacientes com câncer e em aproximadamente 25% dos pacientes que recebem transplan...
This study aimed to identify and evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity and chemoprevention assessment of the flavonoids myricetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-αrhamnopyranoside and myricetin-3-rhamnoside from Inga laurina leaves extracts. The Quinone reductase induction as a biomarker for cancer chemoprevention was evaluated in murine hepatocellular carcinoma, the cytotoxicity was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay using HepG2 cell line and genotoxicity was evaluated by comet assay. The results demonstrated that the flavonoids did not show cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. In the chemoprevention evaluations were not able to promote the induction of Quinone Reductase and also no genotoxic effect was observed by the evaluation of the comet assay in none of the concentrations tested. In the antigenotoxicity test, all compounds had a protective effect against damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and were repaired against damage. Although none of the substances were capable of inducing the enzyme Quinone Reductase at the concentrations tested, the antigenotoxicity results showed a powerful chemoprotective action.
This work evaluated the metabolic profiling of Inga species with antitumor potential. In addition, we described the antigenotoxicity of polyphenols isolated from I. laurina and a proteomic approach using HepG2 cells after treatment with these metabolites. The in vitro cytotoxic activity against HepG2, HT-29 and T98G cancer cell lines was investigated. The assessment of genotoxic damage was carried out through the comet assay. The ethanolic extract from I. laurina seeds was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and the most active fractions were characterized. One bioactive fraction with high cytotoxicity against HT-29 human colon cancer cells (IC50 = 4.0 µg mL−1) was found, and it was characterized as a mixture of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-vinyl-phenol. The I. edulis fruit peel (IC50 = 18.6 µg mL−1) and I. laurina seed (IC50 = 15.2 µg mL−1) extracts had cytotoxic activity against the cell line T98G, and its chemical composition showed a variety of phenolic acids. The chemical composition of this species indicated a wide variety of aromatic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and carotenoids. The high concentration (ranging from 5% to 30%) of these polyphenols in the bioactive extract may be responsible for the antitumor potential. Regarding the proteomic approach, we detected proteins directly related to the elimination of ROS, DNA repair, expression of tumor proteins, and apoptosis.
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