Evidence links aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis, although results are inconsistent. AHR agonists inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages, pivotal cells in RA aetiopathogenesis, which hints at specific circuits that regulate the AHR pathway in RA macrophages. We compared microRNA (miR) expression in CD14+ cells from patients with active RA or with osteoarthritis (OA). Seven miR were downregulated and one (miR-223) upregulated in RA compared to OA cells. miR-223 upregulation correlated with reduced Notch3 and Notch effector expression in RA patients. Overexpression of the Notch-induced repressor HEY-1 and co-culture of healthy donor monocytes with Notch ligand-expressing cells showed direct Notch-mediated downregulation of miR-223. Bioinformatics predicted the AHR regulator ARNT (AHR nuclear translocator) as a miR-223 target. Pre-miR-223 overexpression silenced ARNT 3’UTR-driven reporter expression, reduced ARNT (but not AHR) protein levels and prevented AHR/ARNT-mediated inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. miR-223 counteracted AHR/ARNT-induced Notch3 upregulation in monocytes. Levels of ARNT and of CYP1B1, an AHR/ARNT signalling effector, were reduced in RA compared to OA synovial tissue, which correlated with miR-223 levels. Our results associate Notch signalling to miR-223 downregulation in RA macrophages, and identify miR-223 as a negative regulator of the AHR/ARNT pathway through ARNT targeting.
En este trabajo se muestra la efectividad o utilidad clínica de la terapia cognitivo-conductual centrada en el trauma (TCC-CT) cuando se aplica por videoconferencia a un paciente de 52 años víctima directa de un atentado terrorista sufrido hace 30 años, que presentaba trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT), trastorno depresivo mayor, fobia social y trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Tras 36 sesiones de tratamiento, se produjo una reducción clínicamente significativa de la sintomatología postraumática, ansiosa y depresiva, la cual se mantuvo estable a largo plazo. La TCC-CT aplicada por videoconferencia parece ser efectiva cuando se utiliza con víctimas del terrorismo que sufren TEPT y otros trastornos comórbidos a muy largo plazo, aunque la comorbilidad y la cronicidad parecen requerir un aumento en el número de sesiones.Videoconference-delivered psychological treatment for a victim of terrorism with posttraumatic stress disorder and other comorbid emotional disorders 30 years after the terrorist attack A B S T R A C T This paper shows the effectiveness or clinical utility of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral treatment (TF-CBT) that was delivered by videoconference in a 52 year old patient who was victim of a terrorist attack 30 years ago and suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD), social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). After 36 sessions, a clinically significant decrease in posttraumatic, depressive and anxious symptomatology was obtained and remained stable in the long term. TF-CBT delivered by videoconference seems to be effective when is used with victims of terrorism suffering from PTSD and comorbid emotional disorders in the very long term, although comorbidity and chronicity seem to require an increase in the number of treatment sessions.Para citar este artículo: Escudero, S., Navarro, R., Reguera, B., Gesteira, C., Morán, N., García-Vera, M. P. Como muestra la revisión de la literatura científica de García-Vera et al. (2015), todavía son muy pocos los estudios que han examinado la eficacia o efectividad de cualquier tipo de tratamiento, psicológi-co o farmacológico, con adultos víctimas del terrorismo que padecen trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT). Según esta misma revisión, los únicos cuatro estudios de grupo que analizaron la efectividad de los tratamientos en un contexto clínico real se basaron en la administración de la terapia cognitivo-conductual centrada en el trauma (TCC-CT), cuyos componentes principales son la exposición en imaginación y en vivo a estímulos relacionados con los atentados y la reestructuración cognitiva de pensamientos negativos y actitudes disfuncionales relacionadas con los mismos; pero también en estos estudios se aplican otras técnicas como el entrenamiento en habilidades en regulación afectiva e interpersonal, la respiración diafragmática, técnicas de distracción y parada de pensamiento, así como entrenamiento en autoafirmaciones. En general, los resultados de la TCC-CT en estos estudios fuer...
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