En este trabajo se evaluaron algunos cambios físicos y químicos que ocurren durante el crecimiento y maduración del fruto de pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus), para definir el estado de madurez al corte que dé mejor calidad organoléptica y mayor aceptación por el consumidor. El desarrollo de los frutos fue en campo, a 26.1 °C y 73.9 mm de temperatura y precipitación media durante el periodo de evaluación. A partir de la apertura de la flor se evaluaron cambios en los diámetros polar y ecuatorial, peso fresco de fruto entero, pulpa y cáscara, y cuando apareció la primera coloración rojiza en la superficie se evaluó color de cáscara, firmeza de la pulpa, contenido de sólidos solubles totales (°Brix), contenido de azúcares reductores, acidez titulable, contenido de ácido ascórbico y percepción sensorial. La maduración ocurrió entre los 25 y 31 d después de la apertura floral, con transición del color de la cáscara de un verde claro con partes de color rojo incipiente a un rojo-púrpura, proceso en el cual hubo reducción de la firmeza. Los contenidos de azúcares reductores y °Brix aumentaron de 2.4 a 6.6 % y de 4.6 a 12.6 %, respectivamente; el contenido de ácido málico disminuyó de 1.4 a 0.4 %, lo que favoreció el aumento de la relación °Brix/acidez; el contenido de ácido ascórbico disminuyó de 14.7 a 9.6 mg/100 g. A los 31 d los frutos medían 8.9 cm en diámetro polar, 8.2 cm en diámetro ecuatorial y 469.2 g en peso. El sabor varió de agridulce a dulce entre los 27 y los 31 d, y la mayor aceptación de los frutos se registró entre los 29 y 31 d.
The browning of fruits can be considered as an enzymatic oxidation which is believed to be one of the main causes of quality loss during post-harvest handling. The enzymes responsible for this are the oxidoreductases; the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (monophenol, o-diphenol, oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.14.18.1) belongs to this group. This enzyme, which is found in the sapodilla plum (Achras sapota), was purified using a phenylsepharose and a SephacrylS-200 columns. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be about 66 kDa by gel filtration and 29 kDa by SDS-PAGE. A single protein band was found using the latter system (SDS-PAGE), which shows that the PPO of the pulp of the sapodilla plum may be composed of two protein subunits with similar molecular weight. The optimum pH was 7.0 and the optimum temperature 60˚C. The most effective inhibitors tested were ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulfite and acetic acid.
Plant-essential oils have been considered as an important source of bioactive molecules like antimicrobials, analgesics, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogen agents. Biological functions of plant extracts from the genus Capsicum are unknown. In the present work, non-polar fractions of ripe and unripe fruits of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Cultivar (cv.) Jaguar and Criollo were obtained by hexane-batch extraction and tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacterial strain Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Gram-positive bacterial strains Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), and yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). Non-polar fractions from ripe fruits for both cv. exhibited greater antimicrobial activity compared to unripe fruits. Implication of numbered FFA’s on observed antimicrobial activity are discussed.
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