Questo documento espone alcune considerazioni a proposito della promozione dei vaccini per il SARS-CoV-2 e delle strategie per garantirne un’equa distribuzione tra gli immigrati senza documenti residenti in Italia e, in particolare, a Roma. Quanto emerge dal caso italiano può essere in parte applicabile ad altri contesti in cui la somministrazione del vaccino è stata legata al dispositivo del “passaporto vaccinale”, ovvero il certificato COVID digitale dell'UE, in Italia Green Pass. Nell’organizzazione della campagna vaccinale alcune categorie sociali sono state identificate come “difficili da raggiungere” (hard to reach) e per cui è necessario immaginare interventi specifici.1 In questo testo si sceglie di parlare di persone razzializzate e illegalizzate poiché senza documenti per riferirsi a persone immigrate che non hanno cittadinanza, permesso di soggiorno e status di rifugiato. Questo documento esplora il contesto quotidiano delle vite delle persone illegalizzate e come l’esperienza della pandemia di COVID-19 abbia esacerbato le difficoltà che queste persone incontrano, 23 mettendo in luce il collegamento tra le vulnerabilità, consolidate ed emergenti, con la percezione dei vaccini. Si suggerisce come l’orientamento e la percezione dei vaccini si inseriscano all’interno dei contesti di vita delle persone, in cui molto spesso la priorità è data al sostentamento economico. In molti casi, l’accettazione della vaccinazione è motivata dalla necessità di continuare ad avere un lavoro retribuito piuttosto che a una preoccupazione connessa alla salute o a una fiducia nei confronti delle istituzioni sanitarie. Il seguente documento si pone l’obiettivo di esaminare come i vaccini possano essere distribuiti in modo equo e capace di aumentare la fiducia e i processi di inclusione nella società post-pandemica. Il testo si basa principalmente sulla ricerca etnografica e le testimonianze raccolte attraverso interviste e osservazioni con persone razzializzate e illegalizzate nella città di Roma, insieme a rappresentanti della società civile e operatori socio-sanitari tra dicembre 2021 e gennaio 2022. Questo documento è stato sviluppato per SSHAP da Sara Vallerani (Università di Roma Tre), Elizabeth Storer (LSE) e Costanza Torre (LSE). È stato revisionato da Santiago Ripoll (IDS, Università del Sussex), con ulteriori revisioni da parte di Paolo Ruspini (Università Roma Tre) ed Eloisa Franchi (Université Paris Saclay, Università di Pavia). La ricerca è stata finanziata dalla British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058). La ricerca si è svolta presso il Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. La sintesi è di responsabilità di SSHAP.
Achieving high rates of COVID-19 vaccination has become central to a return to normalcy in a post-pandemic world. Accordingly, exceptional measures, such as the regulation of immunity through vaccine passports and restrictions that distinguished between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, became a feature of vaccination campaigns in certain G7 countries. Such policies stand in tension with recent supranational European Union policies that seek to build inclusion and trust through engaging minoritised groups in vaccine campaigns. To explore this tension, we present novel ethnographic data produced with migrant and Roma communities in Italy. Our evidence suggests that under restrictive measures, many within these groups initially described as ‘vaccine hesitant’ have accepted a vaccine. Yet, rather than indicating successful civic engagement, we find that vaccine acceptance was tied to deepening mistrust in science and the state. Considering the structural socioeconomic, historical and cultural elements informing people’s vaccination choices, we propose a shift in emphasis towards equitable principles of engagement.
This brief sets out key considerations linked to the promotion of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among undocumented migrants residing in Rome, Italy. We focus on strategies to equitably distribute COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from Italy is applicable to other contexts where vaccine administration is tied to “vaccine passports” or “immunity passes”. Undocumented migrants have been considered as some of the “hardest to reach” groups to engage in COVID-19 vaccination outreach. This brief uses the term undocumented migrant or migrant for brevity, but we refer to people living without formal Italian citizenship, refugee status or right to remain in Italy. This brief explores the everyday context of undocumented migrants lives, and how experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated difficult conditions. It links emerging vulnerabilities to perceptions of vaccines, and we suggest that migrants orientate themselves towards the vaccines within frameworks which prioritise economic survival. In many cases, migrants have accepted a COVID-19 vaccine to access paid employment, yet this has often generated mistrust in the state and healthcare system. Accordingly, this brief considers how vaccines can be distributed equitably to boost trust and inclusion in the post-pandemic world. This brief draws primarily on the ethnographic evidence collected through interviews and observations with undocumented migrants in Rome, along with civil society representatives and health workers between December 2021 and January 2022. This brief was developed for SSHAP by Sara Vallerani (Rome Tre University), Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Costanza Torre (LSE). It was reviewed by Santiago Ripoll (IDS, University of Sussex), with further reviews by Paolo Ruspini (Roma Tre University) and Eloisa Franchi (Université Paris Saclay, Pavia University). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058). Research was based at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
The book 'The Deadly Intersections of COVID-19. Race, States, Inequalities and Global Society' edited by Sunera Thobani collects the contributions of 10 different authors to analyse how the COVID-19 pandemic has reintroduced and reshaped forms of violence and discrimination. The book explores the interaction between COVID-19 and processes of racialisation, colonisation and underdevelopment, proposing a reading based on the continuity of these processes of dispossession by elites and how they contribute to creating 'deadly intersections' for marginalised communities. The book is divided into three sections.The first section deals with the 'racial-political economy' of COVID-19 and contains four chapters that address several issues. The first is the 'sacrificial logic' underlying processes of racialisation and exclusion in Canada, which make visible the limits of inclusion processes promoted by state institutions. The second contribution focuses on the discursive and ideological war against China, which combines anti-Chinese racism with anti-communism. The third analyses the relationship between the disconnection between economy and society and the dilemma revealed most strongly during COVID-19 between life and livelihood in the UK, referring to different levels of marginalisation. Finally, the fourth analyses the barriers and incentives to research participation by minority populations in Michigan (USA).The second section opens with a contribution analysing the case of Gaza and the medical and health response to the pandemic considering the Israeli occupation and the de-development process of the Gaza Strip. In particular, the author shows how the health sector, already severely weakened due to the state of siege, simultaneously faced an epidemic and military aggression by Israel in May 2021. The next chapter deepens the effects of measures to prevent COVID-19 infections in Bangladesh, particularly concerning two categories of workers most affected by the pandemic: small farmers and readymade garment workers. Finally, the last chapter explores the multi-vulnerability and exploitation of domestic workers in India, showing how they have seen their job condition and existential insecurity worsen, in addition to losing regular income, especially since many are immigrants and without documents to access government support programmes.
L'articolo analizza il rapporto tra i percorsi di costruzione di cittadi-nanza e le pratiche di salute all'interno di servizi sanitari caratterizzati da una pratica collettiva e comunitaria della medicina. La ricerca è stata condotta in due Centres de santé communautaires in Francia con tec-niche qualitative. Dopo un focus sul concetto di cittadinanza sanitaria e sulle condizioni di salute dei migranti in Francia, si passa allo studio dei repertori di azione e degli aspetti organizzativi dei centri di salute. L'analisi ha fatto emergere come la dimensione formale e sostanziale della cittadinanza convivono e si intrecciano fra loro nelle pratiche di salute. Tra le iniziative dei centri coesistono le lotte e le vertenze per il riconoscimento formale del diritto alla salute, la fornitura di un servizio sanitario e la costruzione di percorsi partecipativi per i pazienti. La sa-lute diventa quindi un terreno di riconoscimento e partecipazione e al contempo un mezzo di inclusione e partecipazione.
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