Differences in anger, aggression, depression, and anxiety between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disordered (ADHD) and Non-ADHD children were explored in this investigation. Data were collected from ADHD and Non-ADHD children and their mothers and teachers. Analysis of the self-report data indicated that the ADHD children were significantly more angry and depressed than the Non-ADHD children. In addition, mothers reported that ADHD children were significantly more aggressive and depressed than Non-ADHD children. Further examination of the mothers' report data showed a multivariate effect approaching statistical significance (p< .06) for the interaction between ADHD-group and gender. Analyses of the interaction indicated that ADHD males were significantly more depressed than Non-ADHD males and Non-ADHD females. The teacher-report data did not reveal any statistically significant differences between groups. However, the differences between the ADHD and Non-ADHD groups approached significance (p < .06) and further analysis revealed that teachers perceived ADHD children as more depressed and anxious than Non-ADHD children. The results are discussed with respect to previous research. Clinical implications are considered.
This article is written to help counselors as they work with grieving mothers in their efforts to guide their children through the grief process while grieving themselves. It begins with a self-evaluation for counselors followed by an overview of the variances in grief between children, adolescents, and adults. Particular attention is paid to a newer aspect of grief study, which is thanatechnology. Following this overview, the article narrows in on the experiences of grieving mothers, leading to a discussion on specific counseling interventions as well as examples. Finally, a brief case study is provided for application purposes.
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