The knee joint is a complex anatomical structure playing host to a wide variety of pathological processes. Knowledge of the anatomy of the synovial recesses and plicae relating to the knee is important, as the appearance of pathology in these unusual locations may, even for commonly encountered conditions, lead to diagnostic uncertainty. This review article discusses the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomy of the knee joint with an emphasis on the synovial recesses and plicae. The MRI appearance of a variety of synovial and osteochondral diseases that may involve these sites is illustrated.

Epulis granulomatosa is a benign tumor-like proliferation arising from a poorly healing extraction socket, a complication as a result of bony spicules or tooth fragments within the socket. The remnants act as inciting agents to precipitate an inflammatory reaction to the fibrovascular connective tissue core replacing the defect previously occupied by the tooth. Recurrence of such lesions is rare as excision eliminate the stimulus for inflammation suggesting an indefinite underlying pathology. The following is a case report of recurrent epulis granulomatosa in a 64-year-old patient, detailing the clinical features, diagnosis, and management with emphasis on the differential diagnosis, both clinical and histopathological.

Gingival hypertrophy caused by certain drugs, including amlodipine, may occur in genetically susceptible individuals. There is no clear explanation for the exact mechanism behind gingival hypertrophy, but a multifactorial theory has been proposed that unifies the phenomenon. In addition to causing difficulty with speech and mastication, gingival hypertrophy also contributes to poor oral hygiene and unaesthetic appearance. We describe the case of a 54-year-old woman who developed gingival hypertrophy due to the long-standing antihypertensive medication amlodipine 5 mg taken twice daily for four years.

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