The present study was conducted during the period from October 2013 to May 2014 in Wasit Province to detect the T. gondii in women using molecular and serological methods. Five hundred blood samples and 8 placenta specimens were collected from suspected women. The sera samples were separated and examined by ELISA to detect Toxoplasmosis serologically. In addition 89 blood samples and 8 placental tissue samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect for molecular identification. The Serological results showed that 17.8% of women were positive for the private screening ELISA detects toxoplasmosis (17 % with chronic infection and 0.8% with acute infection). Moreover, it was noted that the highest rate of infection was in women who ranged in age between 20-29 years, reaching 19 .9%, but with no significant difference (P>0.05) between the ages studied. The study indicated a lack of months effect on the distribution of parasite infection rates where these different months recorded relatively close rate ranged between 14.45%-23.07% with no significant difference (P<0.05). Regarding to polymerase chain reaction test, when a fragment of 399bp was amplified from B1 gene, the result showed that 6.74% of blood samples and 100% of placental tissue samples were positive to this test. In Conclusion the Toxoplasma infection in women was relatively high in Wasit Province.

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The core of the study is to screen the inhibitory effect of bacteriocin producing Lactobacillus acidophilus against isolated S. maltophilia and examine whether the combination of bacteriocin with antibiotics showed synergistic or antagonistic interaction. The majority of isolates were resistant to two antibiotics and the isolate coded S19 was resistant to the three antibiotics used, which is consider as multi-drugs resistant isolate and used for the synergy test. Initially, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Ceftazidime (CAZ), Imipenem (IMP) and Minocycline (MIN) were determined using exponentially growing cultures of S. maltophilia. The MICs of antimicrobial were 64, 32 and 128μg/ml, respectively. When antimicrobial and bacteriocin combined in the checkerboard microtiter test, a synergistic effect was observed and the MICs decreased dramatically. All of the three antimicrobials with bacteiocin combinations showed synergy against the resistant S. maltophilia isolate (S19).A combination of Imipenem plus bacteiocin showed the highest syner gistic effect among the combinations. FIC index of a combination of Imipenem, Ceftazidime and Minocyclin with bacteriocin, were 0.249, 0.093 and 0.312 for S. malto philia isolate respectively. Antagonistic activity was not found in any of the combinations. In conclusion in the presence of bacteriocin, a lower Ceftazidime, Imipenem and Monocycline concentrations were needed to fully inhibit S. maltophilia .Checkerboard assay was appropriate method to calculate the MIC and combination testing of the bacteriocin and antibiotic as well as the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was applicable to aid in an interpretation of the combination testing results.

This study was applied at Wasit University - College of Science - Department of Life Sciences, Iraq. The experiments were done in the laboratories of the department of biology and some private laboratories. As well as  the laboratories of the Ministry of Science and Technology - Department of Environment and Water. Blood samples of carp fish were collected during the period of December 2021- May 2022. Two hundred samples were collected from common carp fish and about 150 samples of fish were exposed to the acetamipridpesticide and 50 samples of fish werenot exposed to the pesticide. The objective of this study was to evaluate of the liver and kidney functionsin common carp due to the toxicity with Acetamiprid Pesticide in Tigris River. There are a significant increase was observed in serum Urea and Creatinineat (P≤0.01) in fish exposed to the pesticide compared with the samples that not exposed to the pesticide.

This current work aimed to study the pharmacokinetics of theaflavin in healthy and hepatotoxic rabbits for comparison. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly raised (P<0.05) after administration of 0.2 mg/kg body weight (BW) Carbone tetrachloride (CCL4) subcutaneously. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated following administration of theaflavin intravenously and orally at 30 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively to both healthy animals and those with damaged liver. Theaflavin concentration in blood measured by HLPC at various time intervals. Pharmacokinetic results showed that theaflavin concentration when given orally reached its maximum concentration after 5 hours in healthy rabbits. While in hepatotoxic group, theaflavin concentration achieved the highest level in blood after three hours. Theaflavin bioavailability in hepatotoxic animals was significantly high and almost double its bioavailability in healthy animals. Results revealed that the area under curve (AUC) value in rabbits with damaged liver was significantly greater than in healthy group (P<0.05). t ½ of theaflavin after intravenous administration was 6.3±0.82 hour in damaged liver group which is significantly higher than that in healthy group (P<0.05). Theaflavin mean concentration in hepatotoxic group required more than 3 hours to decline to 352±19.4 ng/ml when compared to its concentration in healthy group which is required only 45 minutes to decrease to 310± 9.5 ng/ml. In conclusion liver has critical impact on the pharmacokinetics of theaflavin especially bioavailability and biotransformation and this research recorded reasonably large differences between healthy and liver damaged groups regarding theaflavin pharmacokinetic parameters which may result in negative influences on its biological efficacy when used in the treatment of various diseases.