A colloidal indium oxide (In 2 O 3) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of indium plate placed on the bottom of the quartz vessel containing (3ml) of pure ethanol. The influence laser energy on the properties of the formed nano-particles were characterized by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) technique, and electrical properties measurements. The XRD revealed the crystallization structure of In 2 O 3 nanoparticles and all the films having preferential orientation along (222) plane and intensity increases with increasing laser energy, The UV-Visible spectrum of the colloidal nanoparticles maximum absorbance show around the UV region, which indicates the formation of In 2 O 3 nanoparticles with energy gap about (3.6, 3.8 and 3.9) eV for different laser energy's (150, 300 and 500) mj respectively. The film conductivity decreased with increasing laser energy, while increasing in the the activation energy of In 2 O 3 nanopartical.

Oblique angle deposition technique (OAD) can generate nanostructures and has attracted the interest of many researchers. In this article we use this technique to investigate the morphological and structure properties of obliquely evaporated Cd films deposited onto glass substrates at different angles (0ᵒ, 50ᵒ, and 70ᵒ),and then oxidized in air at (573 K) for 1:30 h to produce (CdO) nanostructure. The influences of deposition angle on the structural and morphological properties of cadmium oxide thin films were investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern shows, that all prepared films are cubic structure with preferred orientation along (111) plane with peak intensity increased with increasing incident angles .The AFM results demonstrate that the film deposition at higher oblique angle (70º) has higher surface roughness and the values of (G.s) decreased as the oblique angle deposition angle increases (112 to 267) nm. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the films had microstructure with columns that are progressively inclined as the incident angle was increased.

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are synthesized by pulse laser ablation (Nd:YAG, λ=4601nm,) of cupper (Cu) in pure water (DDDW). The synthesized nanomaterial is characterized with UV-Visible spectroscopy; atomic force microscopy AFM, in combination with FTIR.AFM image shows that the CuO are spherical in shape with average diameter 14 nm and FTIR spectrum confirm the formation of CuO nanoparticles. The UV-vis spectrum of the colloidal nanoparticles shows maximum absorbance around the UV region at ~076nm and in Vis region at~066nm, indicating the formation of CuO nanoparticles with a direct bandgap energy of~ 2.0eV.