ABSTRACT:The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a modified method for preparing platelet rich plasma for the treatment of superficial digital flexor tendon lesions in race horses and its influence on the future recuperation of the animals. The applied concentrate of plasma was prepared by centrifugation followed by aspiration close above the buffy coat. There were no negative reactions resulting from the application of the biological material into the damaged tendons. The success of the therapy was proven by the shortened rehabilitation time and the higher number of horses returning to racing.

SummaryTransnasal endoscopic sinus treatment was used in four horses diagnosed with primary sinusitis and 10 horses with dental sinusitis. Pre‐existing (n = 5) or surgically created (n = 9) sinonasal fistulae were used as portals for transnasal endoscopic exploration, debridement and lavage of the inflamed sinus cavities. Endoscopic sinonasal fistulation was performed using either trans‐endoscopic diode laser fibre (four cases) or an electrocautery instrument under endoscopic control (five cases). All procedures were performed on standing sedated horses with the use of local anaesthesia. In six cases, the ventral concha was fenestrated in order to gain a portal into the ventral conchal and rostral maxillary sinus. In two cases the dorsal concha was fenestrated to access the caudal group of the paranasal sinuses. One case required fenestration of the ventral conchal bulla due to its empyema. Post‐operative bleeding was controlled with a nasal cavity tamponade for 24 h. Endoscopic lavage and debridement of the inflamed sinuses were performed every 2–3 days. Medical treatment consisted of antibiotic and anti‐inflammatory drugs. In the cases of dental sinusitis, the underlying dental pathology was addressed. Median hospitalisation time was 10 days (range 5–25 days) and the median number of endoscopic procedures (including the initial procedure) was 4 (range 3–7). Cases were followed‐up by telephone consultations with their owners. Intervals between discharge and last follow‐up ranged from 4 to 22 months (median 9.5 months). Complete recovery was reported in 10 cases, clinical improvement (occasional nonpurulent discharge) in two cases. Two cases were readmitted due to recurrence of the purulent nasal discharge; both subsequently underwent trephination of the affected sinuses and made a full recovery after removal of the remaining pathological sinus content.

Carcinoma of the prostate is a commonly occurring malignant tumour in men and is a common cause of death. Early diagnosis and therapy is crucial for the successful treatment of this serious disease. It is therefore desirable to develop a sufficiently reliable, minimally invasive, and inexpensive method of diagnosing prostate cancer, which would usefully supplement the diagnostic techniques currently in common use (digital rectal examination, measuring the prostate-specific antigen level in serum, transrectal ultrasonography). This article describes in detail the methodology of a new technique for intensive training aimed at developing the dog's olfactory abilities to diagnose carcinoma of the prostate in men while the animal is still young. At the same time, the rate of success in establishing the diagnosis of prostate cancer in men using this method was evaluated based on the identification of urine samples from patients in whom the disease was histologically confirmed. The results of our study demonstrate that the diagnosis of prostate cancer in men using the olfactory abilities of a specially trained dog can be considered a reliable, non-invasive, and relatively inexpensive method of diagnosing carcinoma of the prostate. Urology, tumour, prostate gland, auxiliary methods of examinationCarcinoma of the prostate is the most common non-cutaneous malignant tumour among men in a number of the world's developed countries and, after carcinoma of the lung, it is the most common solid tumour in the male population of the United States (Jemal et al. 2009). Despite the progressive development of diagnostic methods (Vyhnánková 2015) in the area of diagnosing cancer, this disease is still one of the major causes of death in humans. Early detection and prompt commencement of therapy are crucial for the successful treatment of carcinomas and an appropriate way of reducing the economic burden of treatment and the mortality of the disease (Sonoda et al. 2011). The basic diagnostic methods used to diagnose prostate cancer include digital rectal examination (DRE), measuring the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in serum, and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) (Gerber and Chodak 1991). When patients are making decisions about undergoing preventative or early examination, the degree to which the procedure carried out is invasive and painful is quite important. It is therefore desirable to develop a method of diagnosing prostate cancer which is sufficiently reliable, but at the same time minimally invasive and not too expensive.In our study we focused on the development of diagnostics for prostate cancer in men from urine samples using the olfactory abilities of the dog. The aim of the study was to introduce a new technique for the intensive development of the dog's olfactory abilities to diagnose carcinoma of the prostate in men while the animal is young; to evaluate the success rate in establishing the diagnosis of prostate cancer in men on the basis of indicating urine

ABSTRACT:This research aimed to determine the effect of aerosolized salbutamol administration on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic, pulmonary mechanics and oxygen balance in healthy horses during general anaesthesia. Six healthy Thoroughbreds (body weight range 471-587 kg) underwent two general anaesthesias in dorsal recumbency with and without aerosolized salbutamol administration in randomized order with a one month washout period. The anaesthesia was induced by 1.1 mg/kg of xylazine, 0.02 mg/kg of diazepam and 2.2 mg/kg of ketamine, maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and air and horses were mechanically ventilated. Measurement of arterial and pulmonary arterial blood pressures, cardiac output and arterial and mixed venous blood gas analysis was carried out. Spirometry was performed using a Horse-lite. After achieving a steady state, baseline (T 0 ) values of cardiac output, systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures, heart rate, dynamic compliance, airway resistance and arterial and mixed venous blood gas values and pH were recorded in both groups. In the S-group (salbutamol), 2 µg/kg of aerosolized salbutamol were administered synchronously with inspirium into the tracheal tube. In both groups data were recorded at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min (T 15 , T 30 , T 45 , T 60 ) after the baseline. PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), oxygen delivery (DO 2 ), pulmonary shunt values were calculated. Data were tested for normality and compared within each group: T 0 value with T 15 , T 30 , T 45 , T 60 values using Wilcoxon's test with Bonferoni correction (significance level 0.0125). For each time point, comparisons were made between the S-and C-groups (control) using Wilcoxon's test. In the S-group, there was a significant increase in values (mean ± SD) of cardiac output (l/min), T 0 (38 ± 7), a peak at T 15 (64 ± 25.5), significantly higher values persisted throughout the period of anaesthesia; heart rate (beats/min), T 0 (32 ± 2), T 15 (40 ± 6), T 30 (38 ± 5); DO 2 (l/min), T 0 (5.8 ± 0.8), a peak at T 15 (9.6 ± 3.2), significantly higher values persisted until the end of anaesthesia and VO 2 (l/min), T 0 (1.1 ± 0.5), T 30 (1.6 ± 0.7) and T 45 (1.8 ± 0.5). In the C-group, there was a significant decrease in values of PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio from T 0 (176 ± 67) to a minimum at T 60 (114 ± 36) and in DO 2 from T 0 (6 ± 2.3) to a minimum at T 60 (4.3 ± 1.2). A comparison of the S-and C-groups did not reveal any difference in the baseline data. Subsequently, significantly higher values of cardiac output, heart rate, DO 2 , and the PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio were found in the S-group compared to the C-group. Pulmonary arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in the S-group. Aerosolized salbutamol administration in healthy horses during general anaesthesia caused hemodynamic changes which resulted in an elevation of oxygen delivery. It can have a positive effect on arterial oxygenation, but the effect varies between individuals.

Evaluation of selected components of seminal plasma as markers of ejaculate quality may be of interest when assessing the quality of semen. The aim of the study was to evaluate some biochemical parameters of seminal plasma in donkeys and compare them with the volume, concentration and motility of the ejaculate. A total of 11 ejaculates were collected from five donkey stallions (between one and three from each animal). Each ejaculate was assessed for volume, concentration and motility, and the seminal plasma biochemically examined after centrifugation. Total protein, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine-amino-transferase (ALT), aspartate-amino-transferase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH), sodium, potassium (K+), calcium, phosphate, chloride, copper (Cu), cholesterol, vitamin E (Vit E), magnesium (Mg2+), seminal plasma selenium (Se SP) and seminal plasma zinc (Zn SP) were identified. Biochemical analysis of the seminal plasma was then statistically evaluated using the Spearman coefficient of correlation. A significant positive correlation between ALP, ALT, LDH, Cu, Se SP and Zn SP and sperm concentration was found. Also there was a significant positive correlation between Vit E and sperm motility. Finally, there was a significant positive correlation between urea, K+, Mg2+ and the ejaculate volume. This is the first report about selected biochemical components of donkey's seminal plasma that we know of. However, further research using a larger number of individuals is necessary to confirm that these components of seminal plasma are useful as markers of ejaculate quality in donkey stallions.