Classical psychology tends to be conservative. It Keywords: social psychology, cultural psychology, Asian psychology indigenous psychology AbstrakPsikologi klasik cenderung konservatif, yang lebih banyak berurusan dengan teoriteori tentang proses-proses individual dan yang bersifat universal. Kecenderungan kepada paradigma sosial, berawal ketika psikolog-psikolog Eropa, Serge Moscovici meluncurkan gagasannya tentang reprentasi sosial (1961) dan Henrri Tajfel dan Turner mempublikasikan teori mereka tentang identitas social (1979). Psikologi tidak lagi semata-mata individual, namun terkait dengan lingkungan sosial dan kebudayaan. Setiap kelompok, ras atau etnik, jadinya punya psikologinya sendiri yang relevan dengan konteks kehidupan masingmasing. Di tahun 1933 seorang psikolog Asia, Uichol Kim dan sejawatnya orang Eropa, John Berry mencetuskan istilah indigenous psychology yang didefi niskannya sebagai "studi ilmiah tentang perilaku dan minda (mind) manusia yang berasal dari dirinya sendiri (native), yang tidak dibawa dari daerah lain, dan dirancang untuk orang-orang itu sendiri". Karena tidak ada padanan dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk kata "indigenous", maka dalam sebuah Konges Ikatan Psikologi Sosial di Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, pada tahun 1999, saya mencetuskan kata "ulayat". Saya meminjam istilah itu dari antropologi dan hukum

Psikologi klasik cenderung konservatif, yang lebih banyak berurusan dengan teori-teori tentang proses-proses individual dan yang bersifat universal. Kecenderungan kepada paradigma sosial, berawal ketika psikolog-psikolog Eropa, Serge Moscovici meluncurkan gagasannya tentang reprentasi sosial (1961) dan Henrri Tajfel dan Turner mempublikasikan teori mereka tentang identitas social (1979). Psikologi tidak lagi semata-mata individual, namun terkait dengan lingkungan sosial dan kebudayaan. Setiap kelompok, ras atau etnik, jadinya punya psikologinya sendiri yang relevan dengan konteks kehidupan masing-masing. Di tahun 1933 seorang psikolog Asia, Uichol Kim dan sejawatnya orang Eropa, John Berry mencetuskan istilah indigenous psychology yang didefiniskannya sebagai “studi ilmiah tentang perilaku dan minda (mind) manusia yang berasal dari dirinya sendiri (native), yang tidak dibawa dari daerah lain, dan dirancang untuk orang-orang itu sendiri”. Karena tidak ada padanan dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk kata “indigenous”, maka dalam sebuah Konges Ikatan Psikologi Sosial di Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, pada tahun 1999, saya mencetuskan kata “ulayat”. Saya meminjam istilah itu dari antropologi dan hukum adat, karena artinya sangat mirip dengan definisi Kim and Berry tentang “indigenous”. Tulisan ini membahas sejarah, pengembangan teori dan terapan bidang psikologi baru ini di Indonesia.

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Psychology in Indonesia was born from a medical faculty in 1953, a few years after the independence of Indonesia.It was founded primarily to get the right man in the right place that is very urgent at that time after the Dutch colonial government left many vital public and private positions empty. From the time it was born, the Indonesian psychology has moved vice-versa from indigenous psychology to universalism, from East to West, and from qualitative to quantitative methodology. The internationalization process of Indonesian psychology is discussed from the author's personal view.Keywords: Indonesian psychology, internationalization, personal networks Foundation and Growth of Psychology in IndonesiaPsychology education in Indonesia was started in 1953, when a psychiatrist, Prof. R. Slamet Iman Santoso, MD, in his oration as a new professor at the University of Indonesia, stated that psychiatrists can no longer work alone. Psychiatrists need psychologists to administer psychological tests, particularly IQ and personality test, to avoid diagnostic error due to the post war situation 1 . The first psychology education was then established as a study program within the Faculty of Medicine, UI (University of Indonesia), which became an independent faculty of psychology in 1960. The first faculty of psychology was followed by other faculties of psychology each year. Currently, there are 128 faculties of psychology at state and private universities throughout Indonesia 2 .The first psychology lecturers at UI consisted of some Dutch lecturers (before they left Indonesia) teaching philosophy and statistics. Medical doctors and psychiatrists from the faculty of medicine teaching anatomy, physiology, neurology, and psychotherapy, and some new graduates coming home from the Netherlands and Germany 3 , bringing in psychoanalysis and projective tests. (2013)), Persada Indonesia University. 1 Indonesia proclaimed its independence from the Dutch colonial government in 1945. In 1949, the Dutch government acknowledged the independence. Most of Dutch personnel left Indonesia to go back to their home country, leaving many empty public and private posts that have to be filled by Indonesian personnel who were undereducated and unprofessional. Most of the Indonesian personnel were ex military or paramilitary who were not fit and proper for the empty posts, causing psychological complaints such as psychosomatics. Psychologists were needed to get the right man in the right place. 2 Indonesia is an archipelago, as big as the mainland USA or Western Europe, with a population of 240,000,000, 60% of them living in Java Island, which is only 7% of the country's land. The population consists of hundreds of ethnics and five major religions (90% are Muslims), but a national language (Bahasa Indonesia) is compulsory for every Indonesian and can be the bounding factor for the whole nation. 3 After the World War II, some Indonesians (some of them were military personnel) went to the Netherland and Germany to study psychology. When they came bac...