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Genetic variability, heritability along with genetic advance of traits, their association and direct and indirect effects on yield are essential for crop improvement. One hundred and three greengram genotypes were studied to assess variability and degree to which various plant traits associate with seed yield. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for plant height, pods per plant and seed yield. Number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant and pod length showed lesser variability while 100 seed weight and harvest index exhibited intermediate range of variability. Moderate to high heritability estimates were found for all traits. Number of primary branches per plant, pod length and 100-seed weight exhibited negative and non significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations with seed yield. Plant height showed positive non-significant genotypic and significant phenotypic correlation. Number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and harvest index showed positive significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations with seed yield. Positive direct effects were exerted through number of pods per plant, pod length, 100 seed weight and harvest index while number of primary branches per plant, plant height and number of clusters per plant had negative direct effects. The present findings could be useful for establishing selection criteria for high seed yield in the greengram breeding.

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Heritability and Genetic advance are the direct selection parameters. Information on such parameters has great importance in enhancing the selection efficiency. Therefore, in the present investigation 77 maize genotypes including 54 F1s, 18 lines, 3 testers and 2 check varieties were evaluated in relation to direct selection parameters for different quantitative traits. All the genotypes showed significant variability for all the characters studied. High values (>20%) of genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) were recorded for the traits, grain yield per plant, kernels per cob, cob weight and kernels per row. The traits such as seed vigour index, seedling length, cob length, cobs per plant 100-kernel weight, plant height and kernel rows per cob showed moderate values (10-20%) of GCV and PCV. For almost all the traits the values of GCV and PCV were almost similar but for cob diameter GCV was low while PCV was high indicated that all the traits had low environmental influence except cob diameter that had high environmental influence. High estimates of heritability coupled with high estimates of genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for the traits grain yield per plant, kernels per cob, cob weight, kernels per row, seed vigour index, seedling length, 100kernel weight, cob length, plant height, cobs per plant and kernel rows per cob. This indicated the role of additive gene effect in the inheritance of these traits; therefore, such traits could be improved through simple selection.

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