No abstract

The sheer volume of qualitative research on teen mothering over three decades has generated numerous scientific reviews. This umbrella review synthesizes the findings of these reviews and describes the utility of this evidence for improving clinical practice and policy. A comprehensive search of six electronic databases performed through October 2019 yielded 17 articles from 15 independent reviews. Data were extracted and key findings were synthesized to yield the following paradox: mothering has the potential for transforming and redirecting teens’ lives in positive ways because of, and despite, difficult childhoods, constricted pathways to adulthood, fragile partner relationships, social inequities, and stigma. By bringing visibility to the paradox that teen mothering simultaneously transforms and imperils, this review extends the science on teen mothering and enhances the generalizability and utility of small-scale qualitative studies for reframing practice, policy, and behavioral interventions.

Teen mothers have lower rates of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity than older mothers. A growing body of qualitative research on teen mothers' experience helps to explain these disparities. Following a systematic search to identify relevant research, we synthesized the findings from 22 primary studies to conclude that teen mothers navigate a minefield that undermines their intention to breastfeed and their breastfeeding confidence and skill. This metaphorical minefield reflects competing norms for infant feeding and good mothering, as evident in mixed support from teens' social networks; fragmented and stigmatizing healthcare; and spaces that are inhospitable to teen mothers and breastfeeding mothers in general. In recognition of this minefield, we urge clinicians to: respect teen mothers' infant feeding decisions; develop collaborative relationships based on the principles of patient-centered and strength-based care; challenge stigmatizing healthcare practices; welcome teen mothers and their significant others to clinical settings; and press health systems to fully implement probreastfeeding policies. We also recommend further study to extend our knowledge about teen mothers' breastfeeding experiences.