Free space optical communication is a line-of-sight (LOS) technology that uses lasers to provide optical bandwidth connections. Potential disturbance arising from the weather condition is one of the most effective factors that influence the bi-directional free space optics (FSO) performance. The complex weather condition in the Middle East region and Arabian Gulf has been dominated by dust storms activities. Dust storms directly affect the characteristics of FSO and consequently lead to an increase in the bit error rate (BER) and deterioration Q-factor to bad levels due to the high attenuation factor. In this research, the authors compare the differences between two bi-directional FSOs. One is the traditional link, and the other has been developed to enhance the system performance under the dust storms condition. The proposed design consists of dual FSO channels, and each one includes erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) optical amplifiers. This design has demonstrated the proficiency in addressing the attenuation that occurs due to weather stickers. The results prove there is an improvement in performance by measuring the Q-factor. In addition, BER can be significantly improved, and further communicating distance can be achieved by utilizing 1550 nm with multiple channels and EDFA.

Optical wireless is the alternative approach to complete the deployment of optical cable networks in case of failure in implementation. In optical wave the attenuation due to atmospheric turbulence conditions causes a performance degradation of a free space optical (FSO) system. Thus, it will lead to the deterioration of the signal power in the optical cable. To overcome these challenges, multi-channel FSO transmitter and erbium doped fiber in optical link was adopted with high transmission power. In this paper, a hybrid FSO/fiber optic (FSO/FO) link is simulated and investigated under different weather conditions. The proposed hybrid link is evaluated in terms of BER and Q-factor. The proposed system shows a closely performance as compared with the conventional FSO for whole investigation range from 200 m to 2000 m. While the communication distance with the hybrid link is increased by 40 km as compared to conventional FSO. The results show good agreement with Kim model, especially at high input power of 160 mW.

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