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About one-third of the total agricultural area in the Southeast

Eco-restoration initiative work in the high altitude Dayara pastureland (3501 m) from the Indian Himalayan Region has been considered to be one of the successful field demonstration against both natural and anthropogenic degradation. The present study therefore attempts to assess the implications of entire eco-restoration model as practiced by Department of Forest, Government of Uttarakhand in 2019. Its assessment was done by calculating restoration success index by way of considering three categories, viz., direct management measure (M), environmental desirability (E) and socio-economic feasibility (SE) considering 22 individual variables. ‘M’ comprised both biotic and abiotic pressures. Grazing and tourism were biotic, while abiotic pressure was considered mainly soil erosion in alpine area due to topographic fragility. Above ground vegetation profile and below ground soil nutrient profile (N, P, K, pH and water holding capacity) were analyzed in ‘E’ component. In the last but not least, ‘SE’ was analyzed to assess the social acceptability of the local communities and stakeholders who are supposed to be ultimate beneficiary of alike interventions. Direct management measure was found with the variable index score of 0.8 indicating the higher score as compared to environmental desirability (0.56). Under direct management measure, grazing and tourists’ carrying capacity of the area was analyzed with high management needs to call the region sustainable in terms of availability of bio-resources. The ecosystem index score was evaluated for the reference (81.94), treated (64.5) and untreated zones (52.03), wherein increasing profile of these values were found. The outcomes like improved vegetation profile in terms of total herb density, soil nutrient profile of the restored area along with soil pH (4.96) and water holding capacity (49.85%) were found to be restored significantly along with controlling 169.64 tonne year-1 soil erosion from draining. The assessment of grazing pattern of 118 migratory Cow Unit (CU) (76 horse/mule and 18 sheep/goat, already controlled), 318 local CU (30 horse/mule and 187 sheep/goat) were calculated and recommended to be controlled. Tourists’ carrying capacity of 274 tourists per day and manual removal of Rumex nepalensis at the shepherd camping site were found to be worth to apply in the area. Use of biodegradable but locally sourced material and engaging local villagers in this endeavor were also found to be in harmony with SDG Goal 1 (no poverty). Therefore, the restoration and its evaluation model could have its future prospects to prove as a successful restoration practice. This restoration practice could not only be worth in high altitude degraded alpine pastures of the Indian Himalayan Region but also to other mountain alpine and sub-alpine ecosystems.

This study aims to document the traditional medicinal plants used by Wancho tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. The study reveals the use of 13 species of medicinal plants belonging to12 genera and 12 Families. Wancho tribe in the study area used majority of plant to treat stomach related ailments 33.33%, followed by other common problems like cuts wounds, fracture etc. Due to changes in the religion and modern way of life this knowledge is disappearing fast and needs to be documented.

INTRODUCTION: High blood pressure (BP) is ranked as the third most important risk factor for attributable burden of disease in south Asia. Raised blood pressure is a major risk factor for chronic heart disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease. WHO rates hypertension as one of the most important causes of premature death worldwide[i].  In India 57% of all stroke deaths and 24% of all coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths are due to hypertension. Other than coronary heart disease and stroke, complications include peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, renal impairment, retinal hemorrhage, and visual impairment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study population was adult patients who had been receiving anti-hypertensive treatment at hospital for at least 6 months. Interviews were conducted with all the participants and the questionnaires were filled. Demographic and anthropometric data were obtained for the patient who includes height and weight, BMI (Body Mass Index), personal medical history was obtained, and diagnosis of hypertension and other co-morbid conditions were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were included in this study were observed and traced up to 6 month period of the study. 200 patients were included in the study of which 117 (58.50%) were male and 83 (41.50%) were female. Mean age of male patients was 52 ± 18.29 while in female it was 53 ± 17.88. We have divided our patients into four groups in <20 years only one male patient (0.85%) was having hypertension. In 20 – 39 years age group 16 (13.67%) male and 8 (9.63%) female were observed. In 40 to 59 age group 47 (35.04%) male and 31 (37.35%) female were observed. In >60 age group there were 53(45.30%) male and 44 (53.01%) female were observed. Maximum number of cases were observed in the >60 age group in both the sexes. 46 male (39.32%) and 35(42.17%) female had history of hypertension with Less than 5 years. while 71 (60.68%) male and 48 (57.83%) female had hypertension for more than five years. Out of 117 male 13 (11.11%) were normal weight, 85 (72.65%) were overweight and 19 (16.24%) were obese. In female 4 (4.82%) were normal weight, 69 (85.13%) were overweight and 10 (12.50%) were obese. Hypertension was most prevalent in overweight group in both the sexes. Diabetes was observed in 71 (60.68%) male and 56 (67.47%) female. 46 (39.32%) male and 27(32.53%) of female had myocardial infarction.   Before start of the study 68 (58.12%) had controlled blood pressure, 42 (35.90%) had uncontrolled BP, Hypertensive crisis was seen in 5 (4.27%) patients and Resistant hypertension was seen in 2 (1.71%) cases. After study period 58 (49.57%) had controlled blood pressure, 22 (18.80%) had uncontrolled BP, Hypertensive crisis was seen in 2 (1.71%) patients and Resistant hypertension was seen in 1 (0.85%) case. CONCLUSION:  Chronic uncontrolled high blood pressure which can be reduced by proper management, counselling and lifestyle modification. Prevalence of hypertension in males was slightly higher than female counterparts .Control of hypertension was more in female patients. Also patient assessment should be improved in order to increase the identification and management of hypertension KEYWORDS: Hypertension, Diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), management.