BACKGROUNDThe authors attempted to evaluate prospectively the usefulness of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) complexed to α‐1‐antichymotrypsin (PSA‐ACT) in the early detection of prostate carcinoma and its ability to discriminate between prostate carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), especially among patients with intermediate PSA levels.METHODSBetween December 1999 and August 2000, systematic sextant biopsies were performed on 281 prospective patients with prostate carcinoma who had serum PSA levels between 4.1 ng/mL and 20.0 ng/mL. The serum samples were assayed by using kits that were designed specifically for measuring serum PSA, PSA‐ACT, and free PSA levels. The clinical values of PSA, PSA‐ACT, the free PSA to total PSA ratio (F/T ratio), the free PSA to PSA‐ACT ratio, PSA density (PSAD), and PSA‐ACT density (ACTD) were compared by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.RESULTSBiopsy yielded no evidence of malignancy in 198 patients, and prostate carcinoma was confirmed in 83 patients. ROC analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for PSA‐ACT was greater than that for total PSA and was equivalent to that for the F/T ratio in both groups of patients (PSA ranges of 4.1–20.0 ng/mL and 4.1–10.0 ng/mL, respectively). The AUC for the ACTD was greater than the AUC for the PSAD and had the highest value of all parameters.CONCLUSIONSThe measurement of PSA‐ACT represents an alternative to the use of total and free PSA. The ACTD value is the most useful for discriminating between BPH and prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:1685–91. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10377

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Twenty-one patients with superficial bladder cancer entered an analysis of single dose (2'R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) or adriamycin (ADM) administration. The patients in each group that have been or not have been treated previously with anti-cancer drugs were randomized into two groups, one was given THP and the other ADM. Thirty-mg of THP or ADM dissolved in 30 ml of physiologic saline was instilled into the bladder, and retained for 1 hour. After 1 hour retention of the drugs, tumor tissues and normal mucosas were removed by punch biopsy forceps transurethrally. The tissue concentrations of THP and ADM were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. The tissue concentrations of THP and ADM in the tumors were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those in the normal bladder mucosas. The tissue concentration of THP in the tumors were greater than that of ADM. The tissue concentrations of THP and ADM in the tumor of patients who have been treated with anti-cancer drugs previously were less than those of patients who have not. This results demonstrated that prior therapy with anti-cancer drug may cause a resistance for intravesical instillation chemotherapy. However in patients with prior therapy, the tissue concentration of THP in the tumors were greater than that of ADM. Based on these findings, THP has been shown to be were effective as an intravesical instillating agent especially, in cases with prior chemotherapy.