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ELCA increased lumen CSA by both atheroablation and vessel expansion without calcium ablation. Superficial fibrocalcific deposits developed a characteristic fragmented appearance. These findings support both photoablation and forced vessel expansion as mechanisms of lumen enlargement and plaque dissection after ELCA.

Summary Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to improve the outcome among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, treatment with antithrombotic therapies such as oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors has been limited by the lack of efficacy and excess bleeding complications. As the publication of the landmark study Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events (CURE), the clinical benefit of early and intermediate‐term use of combined antiplatelet agents – clopidogrel plus aspirin – in non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients became evident. Pretreatment and intermediate‐term therapy with clopidogrel in NSTEMI ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was further supported by the PCI–CURE trial. Recently, the results of two major trials Clopidogrel as Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 28, Clopidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial established the pivotal role of clopidogrel in the other spectrum of ACS–STEMI. Coupled with the results from previous multicentre trials, these two studies provide a guide for the early and long‐term use of clopidogrel in the whole spectrum of ACS. A review summarising the results of the recent clinical trials and a discussion on its implications for the clinical management of ACS is presented.

The preintervention lesion arc of calcium measured by intravascular ultrasound is the most consistent predictor of the effectiveness and results of directional coronary atherectomy.

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