This paper examines the use of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) at an excitation wavelength of 905 nm for making continuous non-invasive blood glucose measurements. The theoretical background of the measurement technique is verified through simulation. An apparatus is fabricated for performing photoacoustic measurements in vitro on glucose solutions and in vivo on human subjects. The amplitude of the photoacoustic signals measured from glucose solutions is observed to increase with the solution concentration, while photoacoustic amplitude obtained from in vivo measurements follows the blood glucose concentration of the subjects, indicating a direct proportionality between the two quantities. A linear calibration method is applied separately on measurements obtained from each individual in order to estimate the blood glucose concentration. The estimated glucose values are compared to reference glucose concentrations measured using a standard glucose meter. A plot of 196 measurement pairs taken over 30 normal subjects on a Clarke error grid gives a point distribution of 82.65% and 17.35% over zones A and B of the grid with a mean absolute relative deviation (MARD) of 11.78% and a mean absolute difference (MAD) of 15.27 mg/dl (0.85 mmol/l). The results obtained are better than or comparable to those obtained using photoacoustic spectroscopy based methods or other non-invasive measurement techniques available. The accuracy levels obtained are also comparable to commercially available continuous glucose monitoring systems.

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The estimation of classical CMOS "constant-field" or "Dennard" scaling methods that define scaling factors for various dimensional and electrical parameters have become less accurate in the deep-submicron regime, which drives the need for better estimation approaches especially in the educational and research domains. We present DeepScaleTool, a tool for the accurate estimation of deep-submicron technology scaling by modeling and curve fitting published data by a leading commercial fabrication company for silicon fabrication technology generations from 130 nm to 7 nm for the key parameters of area, delay, and energy. Compared to 10 nm-7 nm scaling data published by a leading foundry, the DeepScaleTool achieves an error of 1.7% in area, 2.5% in delay, and 5% in power. This compares favorably with another leading academic estimation method that achieves an error of 24% in area, 9.1% in delay, and 24.9% in power.

This paper presents a method for improvement in SNR and resolution of photo acoustic (PA) signal using Golay coded excitation for a non-invasive and continuous glucose monitoring. The simulation results with a Golay code of length 4 has been shown, which gives a coding gain of 9.03 dB in comparison to regular pulse triggering. Furthermore, Golay coded excitation results in better resolution of PA signal as compared to coherent averaging technique, which can help in improving calibration accuracy.

Canonical Huffman codecs have been used in a wide variety of platforms ranging from mobile devices to data centers which all demand high energy efficiency and high throughput. This work presents bit-parallel canonical Huffman decoder implementations on a fine-grain many-core array built using simple RISC-style programmable processors. We develop multiple energy-efficient and area-efficient decoder implementations and the results are compared with an Intel i7-4850HQ and a massively parallel GT 750M GPU executing the corpus benchmarks: Calgary, Canterbury, Artificial, and Large. The many-core implementations achieve a scaled throughput per chip area that is 324× and 2.7× greater on average than the i7 and GT 750M respectively. In addition, the many-core implementations yield a scaled energy efficiency (bytes decoded per energy) that is 24.1× and 4.6× greater than the i7 and GT 750M respectively. CCS CONCEPTS• Mathematics of computing → Coding theory; • Computer systems organization → Multiple instruction, multiple data.