In computer vision related applications, video analysis of human walking motion is currently one of the most active research topics. The task of analyzing human walking can be divided into three distinct subtaskshuman detection or segmentation, motion tracking and walking pose analysis. Typically, the analysis of the human walking starts with the extraction of motion information, detection of the presence of humans in the sequences of frames and then followed by analysis of events related to walking. This paper presents a survey of different methodologies used for human walking motion analysis, approaches used for human detection or segmentation, various tracking methods, approaches for pose estimation and pose analysis. The common data sets available for building robust, automatic and intelligent systems to understand "walking" motion are also included. Finally, uses of unsupervised techniques for analysing human walking are highlighted. Human walking motion is a subset of a broad topic of human motion analysis.

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South Africa assumes a significant position in the insurance landscape of Africa. The present research based upon qualitative and quantitative analysis, shows that it shows the characteristics of a Complex Adaptive System. In addition, a statistical analysis of risk measures through Value at risk and Conditional tail expectation is carried out to show how an individual insurance company copes under external complexities. The authors believe that an explanation of the coping strategies, and the subsequent managerial implications would enrich our understanding of complexity in business.