Проведено термодинамическое моделирование химических и фазовых превращений в системе Fe 2 O 3-NiO-CoO-C с помощью многоцелевого программного комплекса «Астра 4», разработанного в МВТУ им. Баумана, предназначенного для моделирования равновесных состояний и процессов в высокотемпературных системах с химическими и фазовыми превращениями. Изучение моделирования химических и фазовых превращений в системе выполнялось в интервалах температур 573-1773 К и давлений 0,001-0,1 МПа. В ходе моделирования было установлено, что железо в основном переходит в Fe (к) и степень его перехода (α Fe) составляет от 28,9 % при Т = 1173 К до 99,05 % при Т = 1773 К; величина α Ni составляет 100 % при Т = 573÷1273 К и с повышением температуры до 1773 К снижается до 99,99 % (начинает переходить в газовую фазу); степень перехода кобальта (аналогично никелю он распределяется в Со (к)) составляет 100 % при Т = 573÷1273 К и с увеличением температуры до 1773 К снижается до 99,99 % (начало перехода в газовую фазу).

The article presents the results of complex studies of physical and chemical properties, such as sieve analysis, elemental and microstructural analysis, IR spectral analysis, and X-ray phase analysis. The results of the research allow concluding that coal mining waste is a valuable secondary raw material for the production of new multipurpose materials in the chemical and construction industries. Data obtained by scanning electron microscopy revealed the elemental composition of coal mining waste. As it turned out, the composition of the waste is dominated by carbon, silicon and iron. In addition, there are microelements in the form of magnesium, sulfur, and aluminum. All the data obtained will be used for the synthesis of humate-containing substances.

Organomineral potassium humate was extracted from coal mining waste from the Lenger deposit (Turkestan region, Kazakhstan) by alkaline extraction using an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. The time and temperature of the process were investigated for the degree of extraction and yield of the product. A comprehensive study of the physicochemical properties of the raw material and the resulting production potassium humate was carried out by chemical analysis, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion, IR-Fourier spectrometric and X-ray diffractographic analyses. The maximum degree of extraction and yield of the product wasachieved at 80 °C and 90 min. Moreover, the experimental data were subjected to kinetic processing, as a result of which it was established that the process of extraction of potassium humate occurs in the external diffusion region.

No abstract

This article presents the results of research on the leaching of solid phosphorus-containing waste with humic acid. Such waste includes the by-products of the electrothermal processing of phosphate raw materials—phosphorus sludge and cottrel dust. Chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses have been used to study their composition and phase structure, according to which these substances have an amorphous structure. The leaching of phosphoric sludge and cottrel dust was investigated by varying the main parameters. The obtained data were processed using the method of formal kinetics to study the features of the process. The reaction rate constants and the apparent activation energy were calculated, and the values found made it possible to determine that the process under study is limited by diffusion. The scientific novelty of the article is the use of humic acid for leaching phosphoric solid waste as opposed to traditional methods. This new method may offer improved efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and a potential alternative solution for the processing of phosphoric waste.