Umbilical endometriosis is a type of cutaneous endometriosis that usually follows laparoscopic or surgical procedures that involve the umbilicus. Primary umbilical endometriosis (PUE) is an extremely rare condition and its association with an umbilical hernia is an equally rare condition. To date, only very few cases of PUE with umbilical hernia association have been reported in the medical literature. Report herein is a case of PUE associated with an umbilical hernia who presented with classical umbilical nodule symptoms with cyclical pain and bleeding due to menstruation. The patient underwent omphalectomy with abdominal wall defect repair using prosthetic mesh. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination of the excised umbilical nodule. This case report highlights a rare entity that should be considered as a differential diagnosis in females of the reproductive age group that presents with the umbilical nodule.

Cervical cancer is a significant healthcare problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Small-cell neuroendocrine cancer of the cervix (SCNCC) accounts for about 1-3% of all cervical cancers. In this report, we present a case of a patient with SCNCC, whose disease had metastasized to the lungs even without an obvious growth in the cervix. A 54-year-old multiparous woman presented with post-menopausal bleeding for 10 days; she had a history of a similar episode in the past. Examination revealed an erythematous posterior cervix and upper vagina without any obvious growth. Histopathology showed SCNCC on the biopsy specimen. Following further investigations, the stage assigned was IVB, and she was started on chemotherapy. SCNCC is an extremely rare but highly aggressive type of cervical cancer and it requires a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach for an optimal standard of care.

Background: Amniotic fluid estimation by ultrasound is an essential component of fetal assessment in utero. The present study aimed to measure and compare two semiquantitative methods of estimation of amniotic fluid i.e. single deepest vertical pocket with amniotic fluid index in prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Study included 120 booked pregnant women of 34 to 41weeks POG who were followed till minimum 48hours after delivery. They were divided in to two groups of 60 each, in Group-I, amniotic fluid volume estimation was done by Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) and in Group-II by Single Deepest Vertical Pocket (SDVP) technique. AFI ≤5cm in group-I and SDVP<2cm in group-II were identified as Oligohydramnios and feto-maternal outcomes were compared. Results: Oligohydramnios was diagnosed in 4 (7%) in group-I and 5 (8%) patients in group-II which was statistically not significant. Biophysical scoring, doppler parameters, induction of labour, intrapartum CTG, rate of cesarean section and admission to NICU were not statistically different in both the groups. Conclusion: Both AFI and SDVP techniques for amniotic fluid volume (AFV) estimation were similarly effective in diagnosing oligohydramnios and predicting adverse pregnancy outcome.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a very rare genetic disorder and during pregnancy poses multiple challenges related to its monitoring and management. Authors present the case of a  30year old primigravida who was a diagnosed case of pseudohypoparathyroidism since 22 yrs of age, presented to our obs/gynae OPD at 5+5 wks of POG. She was managed by serial monitoring of serum calcium, phosphate and vitamin D throughout  pregnancy with careful dose modification of calcium from 1gm to 3.5gm daily and vitamin D from  0.5mcg  to 1.5mcg daily. During her course of pregnancy, she developed gestational hypothyroidism, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and gestational hypertension which were controlled and managed successfully. She had an elective caesarean section at 37+6 wks POG for transverse lie. Both maternal and perinatal outcome were good. Patient was discharged with advice to continue with her monitoring of serum calcium, phosphate, vitamin D along with supplementation of calcium and vitamin D life long.