Background Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common chronic kidney diseases in children. Steroid sensitive type (SSNS) constitutes about 85–90%, whereas steroid-resistant type (SRNS) only 15–20% (Mickinney et al. Pediatr Nephrol 16:1040-1044, 2001). While MCD is the most common histopathology in SS type, children with SRNS have MCD, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, or focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (International Study Kidney Disease in children, Kidney Int 20;765-771, 1981). SRNS is defined as those who do not show remission after 6 weeks and standard dose of oral steroids ± 3 IV MPD doses (Trautmann et al. Pediatr Nephrol 35:1529-1561, 2020). Objectives These national adapted guidelines aim to frame evidence-based recommendations adopted or adapted from the IPNA 2020, KDIGO 2021, and Japanese 2014 de novo guidelines for diagnosis and management of nephrotic children to be presented in two manuscripts: (1) steroid sensitive (SSNS) and (2) steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Methodology Formulation of key questions was followed with a review of literature guided by our appraised guidelines using AGREE plus appraisal tool. Virtual monthly meetings all through the year 2021 were activated  for reviewing and validation of final adaptation evidence-based draft, considering all comments of external reviewers including KDIGO assigned reviewer. Discussion Rationale behind the selection of adopted statements and tailoring of others to suit our local facilities, expertise, and our local disease profile was discussed in the text with reasons. Conclusion The provided guidelines aim to optimize patient care and outcome and suggest research areas lacking validated research recommendations.

The author Yasser S. Amer had a typo in the Given Name.The affiliation and Given Name for the given authors have been updated above and the original article [1] has been corrected.

Background Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common chronic kidney diseases in children. Steroid sensitive type constitutes about 90% and steroid resistant 10% of total cases.  Objectives These national adapted guidelines aim to frame evidence-based recommendations adopted or adapted from IPNA 2020, KDIGO 2021, and Japanese 2014 for diagnosis, evaluation, management and follow-up of nephrotic children for Steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) as paper one to be followed with SRNS as paper two. Methodology Formulation of key questions was followed with review of literature, guided by our retrieved and appraised guidelines using Agree plus appraisal tool. After virtual monthly meetings through the year 2021, the final draft was validated considering the comments of external local reviewers and KDIGO-assigned reviewers.  Discussion Rationale behind the selection of adopted statements and tailoring of others to suit our local facilities’ expertise and disease profile was discussed in the text with reasons. Conclusion The provided guidelines aim to optimize patient care and outcome and suggest research areas lacking validated research recommendations.

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Introduction: Many similarities exist between the nephron & ear infrastructures, making them vulnerable to same risk factors. Idiopathic sensory neural hearing loss is frequent in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aim of the study: Determine the prevalence, type, & degree of hearing impairment in pediatric CKD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at pediatric dialysis & nephrology unit at Children's hospital & Audiology unit, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, included 45 CKD patients' stage 2-4, 45 CKD patients' stage 5 on hemodialysis, & 90 children as controls. Detailed history, physical, otological examinations & audiological assessment by standard pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry & tympanometry, also some laboratory investigations were done for all.Results: pure tone audiometry showed 16.6% of CKD patients with hearing loss mainly sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL); (53.3%), which was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001). A mild degree of high-frequency hearing loss was frequently reported. These findings weren't significantly different between dialysis & non-dialysis patients. Regarding speech discrimination scores, controls had a higher significant change compared to CKD patients. Regarding Tympanometry test results, most of CKD patients & the controls had normal middle ear pressure. Conclusion & recommendations:High-frequency SNHL is not uncommon in CKD pediatric patients. It's recommended to do a routine audiological evaluation & follow up for early diagnosis & intervention.