Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

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A graphene–cadmium sulfide (Gr–CdS) nanocomposite was prepared by a chemical solution method, and its material properties were characterized by several analysis techniques. The synthesized pure CdS nanoparticles (NPs) and Gr–CdS nanocomposites were confirmed to have a stoichiometric atomic ratio (Cd/S = 1:1). The Cd 3d and S 2p peaks of the Gr–CdS nanocomposite appeared at lower binding energies compared to those of the pure CdS NPs according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The formation of the Gr–CdS nanocomposite was also evidenced by the structural analysis using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that CdS NPs were uniformly distributed on the graphene sheets. The absorption spectra of both the Gr–CdS nanocomposite and pure CdS NPs thin films showed an absorption edge at 550 nm related to the energy band gap of CdS (~2.42 eV). The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film photovoltaic device with Gr–CdS nanocomposite buffer layer showed a higher electrical conversion efficiency than that with pure CdS NPs thin film buffer layer. In addition, the water splitting efficiency of the Gr–CdS nanocomposite was almost three times higher than that of pure CdS NPs.

i e y , M. D a r w i s h S a y e d , S. M. A b d e l W a h a b and I?. M. S o l i m a n In previous communications (E 1 k i e y et al. , 1965, 1966) a phytochemical investigation of the Adonis species growing in Egypt, namely A. dentata Del., and A. autumnalis L i n n e was presented. k-Strophanthin-B, cymarin, strophanthidin, adonitoxin, acetyladonitoxin, and strophadogenin (16-hydroxystrophanthidin) were separated and identified in A. dentata; while only k-strophanthin-B, cymarin, strophanthidin and acetyladonitoxin were separated and identified in A . autumnalis. Moreover, a polyhydroxy alcohol, adonitol, was

A field trait was conducted at Nubaria Agricultural Research Station, EL-Behira Governorate, Egypt during two winter successive growing seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 on fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) variety Voroshenger. The aim was to study the effect of three drip irrigation regimes i.e. Irrigation with amount of water equal 100% (I1), 80% (I2) and 60 %( I3) of potential evapotranspiration (ETp) and potassium fertilization at rates of 0, 57.12, 114.24 and 171.36 Kg K2O/ha.Results of combining analysis revealed that increasing irrigation levels led to significant increase in crop growth rate (CGR) at (90-120) and (120-150) DAS, leaves and root fresh weight Kg/plant, leaves and root dry weight g/plant, root length and diameter as well as root, total yield ton/ha and total chlorophyll of leaves. Dry treatments significantly reduced the percentage of potassium (K %), crud protein (CP %), digestive crud protein (DCP %) and crud fiber (CF %). Whereas, the percentage of total soluble solid (TSS %) and total digestible nutrients (TDN %) significantly increased. The maximum percentage of Relative water content (RWC %) was obtained from wet treatment, while medium treatment at 80% of ETp give the maximum values of water utilization efficiency (WUtE).Adding 171.36 KgK 2 O/ha significantly increased CGR at (90-120) and (120-150) DAS, Leaves fresh weight Kg/plant, leaves and root dry weight, root length and diameter, root and foliage yields as well as total yield ton/ha, total chlorophyll of leaves, DCP% and K%. While adding 171.36 and 114.3 KgK 2 O/ha significantly increased root fresh weight Kg/plant, CP% and CF% with insignificant difference. However, TDN% decreased by increasing potassium fertilization. Maximum RWC% and WUtE were obtained when plants received 171.36 KgK2O/ha.The interaction between irrigation regimes and potassium fertilization levels had significant effect on all traits under study except CGR at (90-120) DAS, root diameter, foliage yield ton/fed, total chlorophyll of leaves, K% and TSS%. The highest values of , Leaves Fresh weight Kg/plant, leaves and root dry weight g/plant, CP%, CF% as well as DCP% and RWC were achieved from wet treatment (100% of ETp) in combination with 171.36 KgK 2 O/ha. While irrigation with 100%, 80% of ETp and 171.36 KgK 2 O/ha gave the highest values for root length, root and total yield ton/ha as well as WUtE with insignificant difference. However irrigation with 100% of ETp combined with 114.24 and 171.36 have the highest values for root fresh weight Kg/plant with insignificant difference. The maximum TDN% obtained from dry treatment (60% of ETp) without potassium fertilization.According to profitability assessment, the highest net income and investment ratio as an average of two growing seasons were obtained when plants watered by amount of water equal 80% of ETp and received 171.36 KgK 2 O/ha.