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A new labdane diterpene, along with 10 known sterols and flavonoids, was isolated from the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Saraca indica. The chemical structure of the new compound was identified as 6,9-epoxy marrubiinic acid on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including two-dimensional NMR. The antimicrobial potential of the new compound was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. It showed a significant antifungal activity against Geotrichum candidum with MIC 0.48 mg/mL. It also showed potential cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines with IC 50 ranging from 1.07 to 1.29 mg/well.

P hyTOChemICAl study of the aerial parts of Euphorbia paralias and Euophorbia geniculata belonging to family (euophorbiaceae) grown in egypt was carried out. This study revealed the isolation of eighteen compounds: β-amyrin (1), β-sitosterol and Stigmasterol mixture (2 & 3), Cholesterol (4), Campesterol (5), (Erythradiol, Ovaol and Betulinol mixture) (6-8), 23-acetyl-3-methyl-oleanolic acid (9) and β-Sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (10) were isolated from dichloromethane fraction of E. paralias. While the compounds 1 to 5 and 10 were isolated from E. geniculata. The ethyl acetate fraction of E. paralias l. afforded the isolation of Gallic acid (11), Ellagic acid (12), Querecetin-3-glucopyranoside (13) and Querecetin-3-arabinoside (14), kaempferol-3-(6''-(2'''-galloyl-glucopyranoside) (15). While compounds 11 to 14 in addition to Querecetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) (16), Querecetin-3-rhamnoside (17), and Querecetin (18) were isolated from E. geniculata Ortega. Compound 9 (23-acetyl-3-methyl-oleanolic acid) was isolated for the first time from the nature. Biological activities were carried out including cytotoxic and antiviral and antimicrobial activities of the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of the aerial parts of E. paralias l. and E. geniculata Ortega revealing significant antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fractions of E. paralias l. and E. geniculata Ortega and strong cytotoxic activity of the ethyl acetate fractions in addition to positive antiviral activity of the total extract of E. paralias l.

Hepatic schistosomiasis is the most well-known form of chronic disease, with a wide variety of clinical symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess the schistosomicidal effect of the aqueous methanolic extract of Opuntia ficus-indica flowers in-vivo regarding disease progression in a comparative experimental study to praziquantel (PZQ). Phytochemical investigation of flowers extract resulted in thirteen phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by UV and 1D⁄2D 1H⁄ 13C NMR spectroscopy and compared with the literature data. From the 49th day after infection, mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni were given the extract (200 mg/kg) orally every day for 5 days, whereby the Praziquantel (500 mg/kg) was used as reference drug. The parasitological parameters (total worm burden, tissue egg load and oogram pattern) per gram of liver or intestinal tissue of the infected and the treated mice were counted. A histopathological examination of the liver granuloma took place as well. Opuntia ficus-indica extract caused a substantial decrease in the number of worms and eggs (%); the extract also decreased worm and egg burdens moderately. The results demonstrated the flower extract as a promising antischistosomal activity due to the parasitological and histopathological changes induced, besides it highlights the importance of its polyphenolic constituents.