B ROADLEAF weeds cause severe competition with wheat crop in Egypt and its highly reduce yield. Two field experiments during two winter seasons were conducted in the Experimental Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza Governorate, Egypt during winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The aim of this work was to control broadleaf weeds in wheat and evaluate of 17 broadleaf weed herbicides in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) CV. Gemeza-11.Weed control treatments were hand pulling and applying 17 experimental post-emergence herbicides, were applied bromoxynil-octaneoate 24%, DICAMBA 48%, Tribenuron-Methyl 16 % + Carfentrazone-Ethyl 12%, MCPA-sodium 20%+Bromixanil 20%, Florasulam 0.25%+ Mesosulfuron-Methyl 0.75%, MCPA-sodium 36%+ Florasulam 1% , Florasulam 05%+ Clodinafop-propagyl 6.5%, Tribenuron-Methyl 2.7%+ Fluroxypyr 13.7%, Tribenuron-Methyl 5%+ Clodinafop-propagyl 10%, bromoxynil-octanoate 25%, Triasulfuron 4.1% + Dicamba 65.9 %, Tribenuron-Methyl 8%+ Fenoxaprop-p-Ethyl45%+ Thifensulfuron-Methyl 12%, Bromoxynil octaneoate, Florasulam 1.42%+ Pyroxsulam 7.08%,Florasulam 1.42%+ Pyroxsulam 7.08%+ Ecosurf, Tribenuron-Methyl and Fluroxypyr 10% + Florasulam .025% + Clopyralid 8%.Application of herbicides was after 25 days from sowing date in both seasons, and hand pulling twice after 25 and 45 days. Presented data showed that all weed control treatments (herbicides and hand weeding twice) reduced broadleaved weed density and weight. These treatments, increased wheat yield and yield components significantly compared to weedy check, except Florasulam 1.42%+ Pyroxsulam 7.08%, which recorded reduction in wheat yield. Triasulfuron 4.1% + Dicamba 65.9 %, gave the highest number of grains/ spikelet and spike per plant and straw yield t/ ha , and the best treatment in grain yield was Tribenuron-Methyl 2.7%+ Fluroxypyr 13.7% herbicide compared with weedy check..

IntroductionThe rising regard on sustainable agriculture enhances the cultivation of legumes as a tool of environmental optimization of resource use and preferment of pest pliability in cropping systems. It is known that weeds compete with crop plants for light, nutrients, soil moisture and space. Broomrape weed (Orobanche spp.) is root holoparasites that feed off a wide range of the most important legume crops. Furthermore, broomrape seeds to keep you can repeat vital good for 20 years or more in the nonattendance of the host plant (Kebreab & Murdoch, 1999). They act by attaching themselves to the roots of many plant species to obtain nutrients and water from their host. It is known that Orobanche crenata is a main necessity for grain and forage legume on over four Mha of the Mediterranean area (Parker, 2009). Egypt at present satisfies around 70% of its request out of incoming as a result of the effects of competition with other crops, and parasites such as Orobanche (ICARDA, 2017). TWO FIELD experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. The study to investigate the performance of two faba bean varieties, i.e. Giza-843 and Giza-2 when intercropped with flax to productivity, land use efficiency, farmer's benefit and control broomrape in faba bean fields under two ridge widths. The experiment included 8 treatments which were the combination of two ridge widths (60 and 120 cm), two cropping systems (intercropping and solid planting) and two faba bean varieties (Giza-2 and Giza-843). The experimental design was a split-split plot design in randomized complete block arrangement with three replications. The results indicated that increasing ridge width from 60 to 120 cm decreased number of Orobanche crenata m -2 but it increased seed yield of the intercrops plant -1 and ha -1 . Intercropping flax with faba bean decreased number of Orobanche crenata -2 and seed yield plant -1 and ha -1 of both intercrop components. Faba bean cv. Giza-843 recorded the lowest values of number of Orobanche crenata m -2 and the highest values of yield and its attributes compared to Giza-2 variety. Also, faba bean cv. Giza-843 affected negatively seed yield of flax and its attributes. Most of the studied faba bean and flax traits were affected significantly by the interactions. The amount of fatty acids in flax seed was approximately 12.5 to 14.5% saturated (8.3 to 9.2% of palmitic acid and 4.2 to 5.3% of stearic acid) and 81.7 % to 85.2 % unsaturated fatty acids (20.9 to 22.3% of oleic acid, 13.0 to 14.2 % of ώ6 and 47.8 to 48.7% of ώ3). Total unsaturated fatty acids were not affected significantly by ridge width x cropping system x faba bean variety. Land equivalent ratio (LER) ranged from 1.63 for intercropping flax with Giza-2 variety in ridges 60 cm width to 1.86 for intercropping flax with Giza-843 variety in ridges 120 cm width. Land equivalent coefficient (LEC) exceeded 0.25. The dominance analysis proved that faba ...

No abstract

In Egypt, newly reclaimed soils offer a great opportunity to increase the area devoted to oilseed crops. The objectives of this research were to determine the optimum planting date(s) that achieve the highest seed and oil yields per unit land area and to determine the suitable cultivar for sandy soils of Wadi El-Natroon region, Egypt. As well as, study the changes in fatty acid profile entire year. The field experiments were conducted in the Desert Exp. Sta. Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Wadi El-Natroon, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt under drip irrigation system in 2013 and 2014 years. Sakha-53 and Giza 102 sunflower cultivars were monthly planted, from January up to December. Results refers that there is a possibility of planting sunflower from February up to August in new reclaimed sandy soil under Egyptian conditions. The results revealed that seed yield fed-1 significantly varied among planting dates. The highest seed and oil yields fed-1 were obtained from 1 st March planting (1038.3 and 400.1 kg fed-1) followed by April planting (911.7 and 352.1 kg fed-1). Sakha-53 surpassed Giza-102 in all studied traits. Concerning fatty acids composition results indicated that increasing growing temperatures resulted in more oleic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids. As well as, less linoleic acid and total saturated fatty acids. Seed yield fed-1 is very closely and significantly related to seed yield plant-1 (r=0.87), number of leaves plant-1 (r=0.83) and less extent to head diameter (r=0.75).

seasons to study the agro-economic effect of three nitrogen fertilization rates (60, 80 and 100 kg N/fed), three cropping systems (sugar beet sole, sugar beet + canola and sugar beet + onion) and four multi-germ sugar beet varieties (Farida, Carola, Gloria and Demapoly). The experimental design was a split-split plot in randomized complete block arrangement with three replications. Results revealed that increased N rates, from 60 to 100 kg fed-1 and Growing sugar beet as a sole crop significantly increased root weight, root yield and sugar yield in both seasons. Sugar beet variety Carola was superior in root weight, root yield and sugar yield followed by the variety Farida in both seasons. The main effects of nitrogen, cropping systems and varieties had no significant effect on root quality traits in terms of total soluble solids%, sucrose%, purity% and extractable sucrose% during the two seasons. The highest significant values of mean root weight (1.019 and 1.109 kg), root number (28.69 and 28.21 thousand plants/fed), root yield (29.35 and 31.47 ton/fed) and sugar yield (3.72 and 3.75 ton/fed) resulted from fertilized sugar beet sole plants with 100 kg N/feddan in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, respectively. Irrespective of cropping systems, fertilized sugar beet varieties Farida and Carola plants with 100 kg N/ feddan gave the highest mean values of root weight, root yield and sugar yield during the two seasons. The interaction of cropping systems x varieties had a significant effect on mean root weight, root number, root yield and sugar yield during the two seasons. Among the tested varieties, sole planting of Carola had maximum beet root weight (0.953 and 1.043 kg), beet root yield (28.65 and 31.07 ton/fed) and sugar yield (3.69 and 3.74 ton/fed.) in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, respectively, followed by Farida when planted as a sole crop. The highest and significant root and sugar yields were obtained from the sugar beet variety Carola when planted as a sole crop and fertilized with 100 kg N/feddan during the two seasons. It was observed that irrespective of sugar beet varieties and cropping systems, the highest cost of production and gross revenue were recorded when plants received 100 kg N/feddan. The cost of sugar beet (sole) production was LE. 5350 fed-1 against the production costs of LE. 5650 and 6950 fed-1 when sugar beet was intercropped with canola and onion, respectively. The highest gross revenue (19002 and 17650 LE/fed) resulted from intercropping sugar beet varieties Carola and Gloria, respectively with onion under 100 kg N/feddan. The maximum net returns was obtained under combination of sugar beet variety Carola + onion (12052 LE/ fed), followed by sugar beet variety Gloria + onion (10700 LE/fed) when plants fertilized with 100 kg N/feddan. The maximum cost benefit ratios of 1.73 and 1.54 were Masri, M.I. and S.A. Safina 1662 obtained with nitrogen rate of 100 kg/feddan under combination of sugar beet variety Carola + onion and sugar beet variety Gloria + onion, respectively. The results showed that...