The aim of this study was to re-invent the readily available estrus detection methods in small scale with black colour pigs, capable to yield more accurate results. Data were collected from 32 Meishan X Large Black X Duroc Hybrid Black sows housed in groups. Weaned sows were observed for 11 days, and estrus was detected twice daily, comprising of live observations of mating behaviour, a boar test and a back pressure test. The findings revealed a strong inverse relationship (r = -0.885) between time spent on lying and standing, which could be used as predictive marker for approaching estrus (p ≤ 0.05). The mating-related behaviours were found to be significantly higher during 5 th to 7 th day post weaning. There were strong positive correlations between nosing genital and bar-biting (r = 0.809), mounting and voice change (r = 0.743), and voice change and nosing genitals (r = 0.731). Sow body temperature varied during estrus, with vulva and vulva skin temperatures providing a better fit to the data, R 2 = 0.455 and R 2 = 0.667 for summer and winter trials, respectively. The findings revealed that with or without a boar, when on heat, sows would respond positive to back pressure test. In conclusion, behavioural and physiological changes of the vulva provided an opportunity for primary diagnosis of estrus. The flexibility of the infrared thermometer to be combined with other estrus detection protocols yielded more accurate results, providing the small scale farmers with an opportunity to apply modern detection protocols.