This study examined the ability of prior academic performance, proxy efficacy, and academic self‐efficacy to predict college academic performance. Participants (N = 202) completed a modified version of the Teacher Collective Efficacy scale (Goddard, 2001), the Academic Self‐Efficacy scale (Elias & Loomis, 2000), and a demographic questionnaire. Prior performance was predictive of both academic self‐efficacy beliefs and college performance. Hierarchical regression analysis indicates that academic self‐efficacy beliefs explain a significant amount of unique variance beyond past performance in predicting college performance. Proxy efficacy did serve as a predictor of student academic self‐efficacy, but did not serve as a predictor of college performance. Implications for instructors, as well as for future research, are discussed.

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PurposeWhile managerial influence has received much research attention, Scholl has presented a fairly new approach to examining such influence. This approach distinguishes between restrictive (pushing one's wishes through, although they may run counter to the interests of another) and promotive control (influencing another in a way that is in line with his or her interests). The current research intends to offer a preliminary investigation into the relationships between these control tactics, leader‐member exchange, and organizational commitment.Design/methodology/approachUniversity faculty members (n=46) completed measures of restrictive and promotive control, leader member exchange and organizational commitment in relation to their department chairs.FindingsStatistical analysis indicates relationships exist between all variables of interest, but that leader‐member exchange mediates several managerial control‐organizational commitment relationships.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation for this study is its relatively small sample size. As a result, implications of the results are discussed with an emphasis on future research.Originality/valueThe distinction between restrictive and promotive control is important because it offers a highly parsimonious way of viewing influence and leadership.

The findings are at odds with the results of a previous study which showed lower caries prevalence among children living in rural Scotland. A further study concluded that adolescents have a better diet in rural Scotland. In total, these studies highlight the need for an examination into the relative importance of diet and oral health on caries, as increases are observed in population obesity and consumption of sugars.

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