[Purpose] This study examined the effect of the distance between the two electrodes on delayed onset muscle soreness during microcurrent therapy. [Methods] In this study 24 healthy women who hadn’t exercised regularly for six months were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was induced and experimental Group 1 were given microcurrent treatment with the electrodes attached at a close distance evaluated. Experimental Group 2 received the same treatment with the electrodes attached at a greater distance apart. Visual analogue scale pain and the RIII reflex were evaluated after inducing DOMS and after one day, two days, three days and four days of microcurrent treatment. [Results] The visual analogue scale and amplitude of RIII amplitude only showed significant differences with the length of time of the treatment. [Conclusion] This study found that difference of interelectrode distance has no influence on VAS pain and the RIII reflex of DOMS. Although there were no significant differences in RIII amplitude, we suspect that it may be influenced by current parameters such as frequency and intensity.

[Purpose] To suggest physiotherapy programs and to determine foot stability based on the results of plantar pressure and spontaneity balance in the normal group and in the obesity group according to the body mass index (BMI). [Subjects and Methods] The plantar pressure and balance of 20 females college students in their 20s were measured according to their BMI. BMI was measured by using BMS 330. The peak plantar pressure was measured in a static position in the forefoot and hind-foot areas. To study balance, the spontaneity balance of each foot was measured on both stable and unstable surfaces. [Results] In terms of plantar pressure, no significant change was observed in the forefoot and hind-foot peak pressure. In terms of spontaneity balance, no significant difference in foot position interaction was observed on both stable and unstable surfaces, while a significant difference was observed in the foot position between the groups. [Conclusion] The index of hind-foot spontaneity balance was low, particularly in the obesity group. This meant significant hind-foot swaying. The forefoot body weight support percentage increased to reinforce the reduced spontaneity balance index.

Abstract. [Purpose] This study examined the effects of microcurrents on inflammatory reactions induced by ultraviolet irradiation. [Subjects and Methods] We recruited 22 subjects and two inflammatory reaction regions were induced on the lumbar region of each subject with ultraviolet irradiation. Microcurrents were applied to one region at a frequency of 5 pps, an intensity of 50 μA, and alternation of no microcurrents were applied to the other region polarity.The irradiated regions were analyzed by at 1 sec intervals; the digital image analysis and the quantitative sensory test.[Results] Changes in chromatic red and luminance there were statistically significant showed over time and between regions. The comparison of wound contraction in the two regions there was a statistically significant difference. Analysis of changes in pain threshold showed no statistically significant difference. [Conclusion] This study found that microcurrents increased wound contraction and reduced the inflammatory reaction activities such as erythema and pigmentation. Thus, we consider that microcurrents help to accelerate the inflammatory reaction induced by ultraviolet irradiation, enhance recovery and foster an anti-inflammatory reaction.

In this study, we consider real observation scenarios and propose an efficient method to accurately distinguish drones from birds using features obtained from their micro-Doppler (MD) signatures. In the simulations conducted using a rotating-blade model and a flapping-wing model, the classification result degraded significantly due to the diversity of both drones and birds, but a combination of features obtained for longer observation times significantly improved the accuracy. MD bandwidth was found to be the most efficient feature, but sufficient observation time was required to exploit the period of time-varying MD as a useful feature.

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the changes in the muscle activities of each section of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles in the functional reach test. [Subjects and Methods] This study selected those who can walk independently, can reach out their arm up to over 25 cm, can show over 90° shoulder joint bending, have not undergone an operation in the lower limb joint, and are not taking any medication affecting their ability to keep their balance from among 24 elderly males and 24 elderly females. The muscular activities of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles were measured using the functional reach test and electromyogram. The functional reach test was conducted at a total of four sections: 0, 15, 20, and 25 cm. [Results] Gender and age affected the muscular activity by section in the functional reach test. It was also found that the gastrocnemius muscle was used more than the tibialis anterior muscle to keep the balance, and the aged subjects with good balance ability showed no great change in muscular activity on both stable and unstable ground. [Conclusion] It was found that the subjects used the tibialis anterior muscle more, and the lower limbs of the frequently used part, to keep their balance. As the aged subjects had good balance ability, they showed no great change in muscular activity on both stable and unstable ground.