No abstract

No abstract

The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) has dominated self-regulated learning research since the early 1990s. In this study, the two MSLQ subscales specifically designed to assess self-regulation—Metacognitive Self-Regulation subscale and Effort Regulation subscale—were examined. Results indicated that the structure of the two scales is not supported by the original data reported by Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, and McKeachie in 1991 or new data. Statistical and theoretical analyses supported two modified scales, the General Strategies for Learning scale and the Clarification Strategies for Learning scale, that assess academic self-regulation from the original MSLQ items. The statistical and theoretical analyses, results, and modified scales are discussed.

No abstract

This study compared the smoking behavior and smoking-related beliefs of young adult smokers who did and did not have a family history of cigarette smoking. Those with a family history of smoking smoked more cigarettes in a typical day, smoked for more years, perceived themselves as more addicted to cigarettes, had more positive beliefs about the psychological consequences of smoking, and reported stronger pleasurable relaxation motives and stimulation motives for smoking compared with their peers who had no family history of smoking. Thus, smokers with a family history of smoking were more committed smokers and viewed smoking as having more positive psychological benefit than did their peers without a family history of smoking. Such individual differences may be mediated through both social-environmental and genetically influenced mechanisms.