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This study investigates the relationship between food consumption and economic development in Turkey and European Union countries. Differences in food diets are analysed by using data on per capita consumption in caloric terms based on the period from 1970 to 2000. The cluster analysis is employed to derive country grouping on the basis of similarities in dietary structure in the 1970 and 2000. Existence of a trend towards a common European diet is explored with Beta convergence. The empirical results show that per capita food consumption is becoming less responsive to changes in income and appears to be reaching a ceiling in the majority of EU countries and Turkey. However, the share of animal products in food consumption diet is low and income expenditure elasticity of animal products is higher with 0.84 values in Turkey than that in European countries in 2000. There are great differences in dietary structure between Turkey and the European Union. Differences also exist between European Union countries; however, despite these differences there is a general tendency for dietary structure to become increasingly similar across the majority of European Union countries. The result also supports the absence of a convergence towards a common diet if Turkey joins the European Union.

It is important to examine the dynamic structure of poverty, as poverty can differ according to differences both in the welfare level and situation at a point in time. The examination of the dynamic structure of poverty by panel data allows both the learning of the chronic and transitory dimension of poverty and the examination of the profiles of chronic and transient poor families. It is also possible to investigate the factors influencing both of people who entries poverty at a point in time and people exist from poverty employing panel data. Therefore, this paper aims to provide the profile of poverty in Turkey, examining the determinants of poverty taking into account the dynamics of poverty; poverty outflow, transitory poverty and chronic poverty in Turkey using Turkish Statistical Institute, Income and Living Conditions Survey (SILC) panel micro data estimated employing the multinomial logit model with random effects The results show that the feautures of the household's head and household have a different impact both on the transitory poverty and chronic poverty of household.

This study examines poverty levels and the food demand of poor and extremely poor households in Turkey by using the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey of 1994, produced by the State Institute of Statistics. First, a least-cost food poverty line was determined. Then, some aggregate poverty measures, namely the Head-Count Ratio, the Poverty Gap Ratio, the Sen Index and the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke Index, were calculated and employed for assessment of poverty levels in Turkey as a whole and in both urban and rural areas. These indices indicate that approximately 46.8% of the households are poor, and 7.0% of the households are extremely poor in Turkey. Moreover, the extent, depth, severity, and intensity of poverty in rural areas of Turkey seem to be fairly high compared to urban areas. In order to firmly combine food poverty and actual food consumption behavior, the Linearly Approximated Almost Ideal Demand System (LA|AIDS) was estimated. The results show that food demands of extremely poor households are more responsive to income and prices than are those of poor households in Turkey. [EconLit citations: D120, O110, Q120.] © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 21: 289-311, 2005.

The objective of this study is to examine age, cohort and year effects on food away from home (FAFH) expenditure of Turkish households, employing double hurdle approach for the period of [2002][2003][2004][2005]. Results show that both the decision to participate in FAFH market and the actual FAFH expenditure of Turkish households change according to cohort, age and time. It is determined that the households with younger household heads have higher probability to participate in the FAFH market than the households with older household heads. Cohort effects for younger generations, on the other hand, are positive and significant in FAFH market participation while they have significant but negative effect on FAFH expenditures. Cohort effects for probability of market participation of FAFH for older generations are found to be positive but statistically insignificant. The findings also indicate that year effects play a positive role in FAFH market participation and FAFH expenditures. Keywords: