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From this study we can conclude that significantly increase the yield of maize due to integrated nitrogen management could be further attributed to increased growth and vigour of plant as evident from increased growth attributes. So, the treatment combinations (T10) of 125 kg/ ha Nitrogen through inorganics plus 10 t/ha poultry manure through organics were having significant difference as compared to all other. This might be due to ready supply of nutrients through inorganic in the initial stages of crop growth and slow release of nitrogen and steady supply of other nutrients over an extended period of crop growth by organics. Organics have a priming effect on the release of nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer. Moreover, thoroughly decomposed organics were used in these treatments which might have mobilized native nutrients from soils. Poultry manure showed higher yield and yield attributing characters due to faster mineralization of nitrogen with its narrow C:N ratio (15:1-20:1) as evident by its chemical composition. The proper dose of poultry manure can be used as a source of organic manure for sustainable maize production.

BACKGROUND: Multi drug resistant Acinetobacter species is a rapidly emerging pathogen in health care settings and has limited the options for effective treatment. It is increasingly reported as the cause of outbreaks and nosocomial infections such as bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, urinary tract infections and wound infections. AIM: The present study was undertaken to isolate and identify the multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter species. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This is a prospective study conducted over a period of two years (September 2009 to August 2011) in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical samples were collected from both indoor and outdoor patients, irrespective of age and sex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred non duplicate clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species were processed for species identification by standard Microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Of the 300 isolates, 224 (74.6%) were identified as A. baumannii followed by A. lwoffii 73/300 (24.3%) and A. haemolyticus 3/300 (1%). Majority of the isolates were recovered from ICU patients 183/300 (61%), followed by patients admitted in wards 93/300 (31%) and 24/300 (8%) isolates were from outdoor patients. Out of 300, 153 (51%) isolates were XDR and 11% were MDR. Only about 10% of the isolates were sensitive to β-lactams and 30-40% of the strains were sensitive to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. None of the isolate was resistant to cefoperazone sulbactam, ceftriaxone sulbactam and polymyxins. Statistically significant difference (p value <0.001) was noticed between antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii and A. lwoffii. CONCLUSION: The increasing trends towards antibiotic resistance reflect the extensive use of antibiotics in hospitals which in turn exerts selective pressure on Acinetobacter in hospital environment. Therefore, by judicial use of antibiotics these drug resistant nosocomial Acinetobacter infections can be minimized to some extent.

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