Background: Over 75% of menopausal women experience vasomotor symptoms (VMS), such as night sweats and hot flashes. Despite the prevalence of these symptoms, there is limited data on non-hormonal therapies to alleviate them. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Ovid, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.Gov were searched for relevant studies. The search was performed using the following keywords, which were customized to suit the specific databases/registers: menopause, women, neurokinin 3, and/or Fezolinetant. The search was conducted until December 20, 2022. This systematic review was conducted in compliance with the PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines. Results: A total of 326 records were found, with 10 studies (enrolling 1993 women) selected for inclusion. The women received 40-mg doses of NK1/3 receptor antagonists twice daily, with follow-ups at 1 to 3 weeks. Moderately strong evidence was found suggesting that NK1/3 receptor antagonists can help limit the frequency and severity of hot flashes in menopausal women. Conclusion: While the results should be interpreted with caution until further clinical trials validate the efficacy and safety of NK1/3 receptor antagonists among menopausal women, these findings suggest that they are promising targets for future pharmacological and clinical studies in addressing vasomotor symptoms.

Objective: To determine the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates. Patients and Methods: A total number of 200 neonates born through SVD and cesarean section after 37 weeks of gestation aged 48 hours of birth to 2 weeks of neonatal age (as serum of neonates less than 48 hours of life contain mother’s serum level of TSH were included. The study was conducted from 05-Nov-2020 to 04-May-2021. Data regarding neonates’ age, gender, weight, and height was taken. 2cc venous blood was taken for serum TSH and T4 level. Neonates having TSH hormone level more than 20mIU/mL were labelled as having congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Results: Mean age of neonates was 9.63±3.94 days. There were 113 (56.50%) females and 87 (43.50%) male neonates. Mean weight of neonates was 2970.28±516.32 grams. Mean height of neonates was 52.23±2.11 cm. Mean gestational age was weeks. Mean occipitofrontal circumference of neonates was 34.69±1.29 cm. Mean TSH level were 6.64±7.92 mIU/L. Mean T4 level was 23.70±4.25 µg/dL. CH was diagnosed in 4 (2.0%) neonates. Conclusion: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is common among neonates. In present study CH was diagnosed in 2.0% neonates who were screened for CH. So CH screening should be done in all neonates to diagnose CH at early stages and to prevent complication of CH in these neonates. Keywords: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH),

Objective: To determine the frequency of eosinophilia in patients presenting with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Patients and Methods: A total number 217 patients presenting with AECOPD were included from August-2021 to March-2022. Data regarding patients age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and duration of COPD was collected for each patient. After inclusion, venous blood samples were taken and were analyzed for presence of eosinophilia. Results: Mean age of patients was 59.32±8.92 years. Mean duration of COPD was 6.56±2.49 years. There were 127 (74.7%) male and 43 (25.3%) female patients. Out of 170, 121 (71.2%) patients were smokers, 66 (38.8%) diabetic and 79 (46.5%) hypertensive patients. Eosinophilia was diagnosed in 37 (21.8%) patients. Conclusion: Based on the data of our study including 170 patients hospitalized for AECOPD, we found that 21.8% patients had blood eosinophilia (defined as ≥300 cells/μL). So Peripheral blood eosinophilia can be used a significant biomarker in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Keywords: Acute exacerbation, Eosinophilia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.