The aim of this study is to examine the levels of peer bullying of high school students attending the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades in terms of gender and type of school. The universe of the research consists of adolescents studying in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades of high schools in different cities of North Macedonia in the 2020-2021 academic year. The sample of the study consists of a total of 301 students, 215 girls and 86 boys, selected by simple random sampling method from each high school level in the cities of Skopje,

This study aims to comparatively examine parents' views on reward and punishment used in early childhood education. Qualitative research, case design is used in the study. Some of the results determined according to the research findings are as follows: Reward and punishment is a method deemed necessary by most of the parents in child education. But participants in Turkey, northern Macedonia and awards participants than in child education method considers that the penalty should not be used too. It was determined that most of the participants who participated in the study used reward and punishment in children's education. It has been suggested that this method is effective in children's behavioral acquisition.

Considering the fact that society treats women and men differently by assigning different characteristics, roles and responsibilities, the increasing number of studies on the causes of these differences has drawn attention to the concepts of "sex" and "gender". The concept of gender can be named as the stereotypes, judgments and prejudices acquired by the individual regarding gender during the socialization process, unlike the biological sex of the person. Gender is a socio-cultural phenomenon that emerges with the socialization process of the individual. The concept of gender is used to express the qualities built within the complex social relations network, the meanings attributed to femininity and masculinity, and the behaviors expected from them, apart from the concept of gender, which denotes the biological characteristics that define men and women. In this study, sex, gender roles, Gender equality/ Gender inequality and related theoretical approaches will be discussed in order to better understand the concept of gender.

In this study, the concepts of "Peer Bullying" and "Cyber Bullying", which is in the form of a literature review, is discussed. In recent years, the number of studies on peer bullying are increased, which is the most common type of aggression among students at schools. This is because, the peer bullying have psychological, social and physical consequences over the children who bully as well as those who are exposed to being bullied. In addition, the development of the educational technologies, the use of the internet and mobile devices became a part of school of their life, have also led to an increase in the number of cyberbullying cases. Today, it is seen that the peer bullying among students is becoming more intense in virtual environments, such as the internet and mobile phones.Identifying the overlapping between bullying and cyberbullying or revealing and examining the similarities and differences of these two phenomena is one of the important research topics in this field. In this study, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by reviewing the definitions of peer bullying and cyberbullying, which are very common and important problems in most cultures, the similarities and differences between both types of bullying, and the studies conducted around the world on this subject.