Computerized electroencephalogram (CEEG) data were obtained from 30 patients with the disorganized type and 20 patients with the paranoid type of acute untreated schizophrenia and compared with data from age- and sex-matched controls. All patients with acute untreated schizophrenia exhibited more pronounced delta, theta, alpha 1 and beta 1 activity and less prominent alpha 2 activity than the control subjects. These findings support previous studies, and indicate the coexistence of cerebral hypofunction and excitability in acute schizophrenic patients. Compared with the controls, patients with disorganized type schizophrenia had significant increases in theta and beta 1 and decreases in alpha 2 activities; but a significant increase in delta and alpha 1 activities in the posterior regions and beta 2 activity in the frontal regions of the brain. Patients with paranoid type schizophrenia showed significantly increased delta activity in the posterior regions, increased alpha 1 activity in the anterior regions and decreased alpha 2 activity in both these regions. In the paranoid type, however, there was no significant finding for the theta, beta 1 and beta 2 activities. Disorganized type schizophrenics exhibited more increased theta and decreased alpha 2 activity than patients with paranoid type schizophrenia. The CEEG differences between the disorganized and the paranoid types appear to reflect different clinical entities and may help to differentiate both schizophrenias.

Summary:Purpose: To survey and summarize the treatment of pregnant women with epilepsy and to obtain data for the improvement of daily treatment regimens.Methods: We reviewed medical records of 36 deliveries of 25 mothers with epilepsy at Yokohama City University Hospital from September 1991 to December 2000 and statistically compared the differences in drug-taking profiles, complications during pregnancy, types of delivery, and complications at delivery between the epilepsy group and a control group (656 total deliveries after 22 weeks except for epilepsy cases in 1991 and 1992 at Yokohama City University Hospital).Results: Of the 25 mothers with epilepsy, three with idiopathic generalized epilepsy, 12 were symptomatic for partial epilepsy. Their mean age at delivery was 29.0 years. The mean age at onset of epilepsy was 13.9 years. Of the 36 pregnancies, 30 (83.3%) cases continued antiepileptic drug (AED) taking throughout the pregnancies; 23 (63.9%) cases received monotherapy. Phenobarbital was the most frequently used drug in monotherapies. Seven (19.4%) cases received polytherapy. Seven (19.4%) patients experienced epileptic seizures during pregnancy. One case showed a low serum AED level. No statistically significant difference was found in complications during pregnancy, types of delivery, or complications at delivery, excluding abnormal rotation in the birth canal. Congenital malformation (cleft lip with palate) was observed in one (2.9%) case. The mother was 39 years old at delivery and had myoma uteri. Onset of epilepsy was at 14 years. She had been taking three kinds of AEDs: 1,400 mg/day of sodium valproate (VPA), 1.5 mg/day of clonazepam (CZP), and 200 mg/day of zonisamide (ZNS). Serum concentrations at pregnancy week 10 were 85.3 µg/ml VPA, 18.1 µg/L CZP, and 10.5 µg/ml ZNS. She also had been taking folic acid, 5 mg/day, but the serum concentration was not measured.Conclusions: The method of treatment and the management of pregnancy were left to the discretion of each doctor. However, in most cases, monotherapy was selected; and the frequency of complications was not significantly different from that of the control group, excluding the frequency of abnormal rotation in the birth canal. However, we could have been more proactive in calculating the risks of pregnancy for women with epilepsy and adjusted treatment in anticipation of a planned pregnancy, before the patient actually became pregnant. Additionally, a closer working relationship between the obstetrician and the physician who treats the epilepsy would seem to be a further requirement for the patient's well-being, as well as her child's, during pregnancy.

EEG data obtained from 27 patients with presenile Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 28 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) were compared with data from 30 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Both patient groups exhibited more pronounced delta and theta activity and less prominent alpha and beta activity than the controls. AD, however, was accompanied by more severe slowing than SDAT. The slowing was distributed in the left temporal and frontal regions in AD, and bilaterally in the frontal regions in SDAT. As the severity of the dementia increased, delta activity alone increased in AD, whereas, there were significantly greater increases in both delta and theta activity and decreases in alpha and beta activity in SDAT. These EEG differences appear to be related to the degree of brain damage and the speed of progression of the disease process.