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The removal efficiency of lead [Pb(II)], zinc [Zn(II)], nickel [Ni(II)] and chromium [Cr(VI)] from aqueous solutions by adsorption on non‐conventional materials (rice husk and sawdust) in its natural form and on their chemically modified form is presented. It is found that adsorption potential varies as a function of contact time, concentration, particle size, pH and flow rate. Of all the low cost adsorbents used in this study, sawdust is found to possess greater adsorption efficiency for all metals than rice husk under identical experimental conditions. Chemically activated sawdust could remove 95 percent of Pb(II), 93 percent of Zn(II), 80 percent of Ni(II) and 75 percent of Cr(VI) from the metal bearing industrial effluents.

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In a preliminary effort to deal with the present fresh water demand in the construction industry, this article examines the potential reuse of textile effluent as mixing water in making fly ash concrete. The effluents were collected from a textile industry at different stages of treatment, such as Collection Tank Effluent, Effluent after Anaerobic Treatment (EAT), Tertiary Treatment Effluent, and Reverse Osmosis Feed Effluent. The collected effluent samples have been analyzed to establish physicochemical characteristics and their effects on the properties of concrete, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. Higher salt content in effluent mix water significantly increased the final setting time of the binder. Furthermore, the workability of the concrete made with effluent mix water is relatively higher than that of the control concrete mix. Also, concrete mixes made with textile effluent mix water demonstrated greater strength than that of the control concrete. Furthermore, EAT mixes have exhibited maximum compressive strength compared with other mixes and also had superior durability compared with the control concrete mix. The higher strength can be attributed to the nucleation effect caused by the presence of a high concentration of total solids in the effluent. However, this concrete can be recommended for applications of plain cement concrete, such as pavements, industrial floors, and curbs/gutters.

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