Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)-based diet can be tried as a first option in chylous ascites treatment. In resistant or unresponsive cases, somatostatin along with TPN can have use in closing the lymphatic leakage or relieving the symptoms effectively and rapidly. Conventional regimens including enteral feeding with MCT-based formula can then be re-administered as a maintenance treatment after reduction of lymph flow with the use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and somatostatin infusion combination. Patient-specific approach should be attempted for chylous ascites caused by various disorders and started as soon as possible.

Selective IgA deficiency (IgAD) is considered as the most common primary immunodeficiency. Although the vast majority of affected individuals are asymptomatic, symptomatic patients suffer from recurrent infections, allergies and autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory features of children with IgAD in a tertiary children's hospital in Turkey. The medical records of 118 patients (63 males, 55 females) aged 4-18 years (median: 7 years) seen from 2006 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The most common clinical condition was infectious disease (99 patients, 83.9 %), followed by allergic (51 patients, 43.2 %) and autoimmune (20 patients, 17 %) disorders. Serum IgG, IgM and IgE levels were increased in 61 %, 22 % and 37.3 % of patients, respectively. Serum IgG subclasses were measured in 65 patients, and only 4 (6.2 %) patients had IgG2 subclass deficiency. Autoantibodies (ANA, anti-dsDNA, antigliadin IgA and IgG, tissue transglutaminase IgA and IgG, anti-TPO and anti-TG) were evaluated in 84 patients. Autoantibodies were detected in 26 (31 %) patients, only 10 had an autoimmune disorder. Sixty-one patients were followed for more than 6 months (mean: 2 years, range: 0.5-5 years), and none of them resolved during this period. Being the most comprehensive study conducted in Turkey, we believe it has importance in providing significant data on the clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with IgAD.

Low socioeconomic status seems to be an important risk factor for H. pylori infection. Exclusive breast-feeding at least for 4 months can have a protective role against H. pylori infection. Increased frequency of growth retardation and IDA in H. pylori-infected patients in the present study supports similar findings in the literature, although there is still need for detailed studies to clarify the causative mechanisms.

BackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the children with chronic cough and to analyze their etiological factors according to the age groups.MethodFive hundred sixty-three children with chronic cough were included. The last diagnosis were established and were also emphasized according to the age groups.ResultsThe mean age was 5.4 ± 3.8 years (2-months–17-years) and 52 % of them were male. The most common final diagnosis from all the participants were: asthma (24.9 %), asthma-like symptoms (19 %), protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) (11.9 %), and upper airway cough syndrome (9.1 %). However, psychogenic cough was the second most common diagnosis in the subjects over 6 years of age.ConclusionAsthma and asthma-like symptoms were the most common diagnosis in children. Different age groups in children may have a different order of frequencies. Psychogenic cough should be thought of in the common causes especially in older children.

The mode of presentation and clinical features of CD in childhood continue to change. Of note, a substantial percentage of patients were overweight at presentation. MBD is a frequent complication, necessitating routine evaluation.