Fowl cholera (FC) and Avian Influenza (AI) are two of the major economically important respiratory and septicaemic disease of poultry in Egypt and allover the world. A field trails was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of an experimentally multivalent inactivated Fowl cholera (P. multocida) and Avian Influenza (H9N2) vaccine. The In this study a combined inactivated Montanide ISA fowl cholera and AI vaccine was prepared then the immunization potency and protective efficacy were evaluated through experimental application on different poultry breeds including broiler breeder, broiler and turkey flocks.The peak of humeral immune response against P. multocida as measured by ELISA was at the 5th week post vaccination and at 3rd week post boostering all over the used poultry flocks. At the same time, AI immune response as measured by HI reached the peak at the 6 th week post vaccination and at 2 nd week post boostering. Regarding the challenge test, the protection levels were 76.6, 70 and 80% and 90, 86.6 and 93.3% against P. multocida while protection levels were 83.3, 80 and 86.6% and 93.3, 90 and 96.6% against AI virus after challenge with the used virulent strains post single and booster dose respectively. In conclusion the combined prepared fowl cholera and AI vaccine succeeded in eliciting protective antibody titres and full protection against both fowl cholera and AI diseases.

In this study, a combined Trivalent vaccine against ND, IB and M. gallisepticum was locally prepared and evaluated in comparison with other locally prepared Bivalent ND and IB and monovalent M. gallisepticum vaccines. The obtained results were promising for this locally prepared Trivalent vaccine and the immune response was outstanding starting at the 2 nd week post vaccination and showed extended raising allover the experiment period. The immune response of chickens vaccinated with the Trivalent was shoot up post boostering at the 8 th week post 1 st vaccination. These results were confirmed and supported by the challenge tests using the virulent strains of the three pathogens. So it could be recommend that the production of this Trivalent ND, IB and M. gallisepticum will help in the control of the three diseases and their complications.

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Background: Infection with Salmonella species is a major health concern for human and animals on a global scale. Most cases of Salmonellosis results in complicated diarrhea, elderly and immune-compromised persons can be at risk for more severe invasive infections which can be life threatening. Control of Salmonellosis in poultry by vaccination is a possible means of controlling the problems. Material and method: Two different inactivated trivalent S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky vaccine batches of 2 different origins were used to vaccinate salmonella free chickens with either single dose or single then booster dose vaccination programs. These chickens were reared in clean separated pens and later on were challenged with virulent S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky virulent strains 3 weeks post single or booster doses. Then protective indices was estimated as mean of vaccine evaluation. Results: Vaccinated birds showed varied protection according to challenge strains, vaccination program and origin of vaccine. Protective indices was estimated as 71% and 66.2% for local and commercial inactivated trivalent salmonella vaccine respectively when chicken challenged 3 weeks post single dose vaccination. Protective indices raised up to 82.5% and 79.5% respectively when birds challenged 3 weeks post booster vaccination. Conclusion: Evaluation of the combined salmonella vaccine depending on protective indices is more obvious and the picture more better than evaluation depending on either measurement of humoral response or mortalities post challenge because of protective indices depends on several parameters reflecting the immune status of the birds including mortalities , clinical signs and post mortem lesions.

Diseases causing diarrhea are one of the major causes of deaths in low and middle income countries