The objective of this review is to study briefly the membrane distillation in desalination application and effects of various process parameters such as feed temperature, feed flow rate and feed concentration on permeate flux. Several studies about the variation of flux have been reviewed in this paper. The review also covers the concept of fouling in membrane distillation.

The present article discusses the application of a new technology using solar photovoltaic (PV) cell coupled with membrane distillation (MD) in the desalination of tap water. Salinity decreases the palatibility of water and causes long-term health issues. MD is the most promising technology to provide safe and clean drinking water to households and for other applications in small quantities. It consumes less energy than the existing commercial brackish water reverse osmosis (RO; pressure-driven) desalination technology (48%) used for the production of drinking water. A large population in India relies on tap water, groundwater, surface water, deep well water and municipal water for drinking and domestic utilization. These sources are highly contaminated due to the presence of harmful metals like fluoride and arsenic causing serious health hazards. The present study compares water quality analysis by chemical methods of both RO and solar PV-driven MD technology. The quality of distillate obtained by MD is excellent and this has been proved by the results of chemical analysis of water. Thermal efficiency of MD operating with solar PV cells and others operated purely by conventional mode is calculated and the results are compared. The study shows higher production of drinking water for solar PV-driven MD.

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Objective: The present investigation an effort has been made to increase therapeutic efficacy, reduce frequency of administration and improve patient fulfilment, by developing SR matrix tablets of Theophylline and Etophylline by using wet granulation technique incorporating different polymers combinations and fillers. Materials and methods: SR tablets of various combinations were prepared by using hydrophilic polymer: HPMC, sodium alginate and starch as fillers. The drug excipient mixtures were subjected to preformulation studies. The formulated tablets (F1-F10) were evaluated for different physicochemical properties and comply with the official standards. FTIR studies shown there was no interaction between drug and polymers. The optimized formulations (F3) were subjected to stability studies and shown there were no significant changes in drug content, physicochemical parameters and release pattern. Assay of the drug and formulation was carried out by using RP-HPLC method. The in vitro release studies exhibits the Results: release up to 82%, over a prolonged period of time which confirms the extended release profile of formulation (F3) after 6 hrs as compared to marketed formulation thus, drug in combination with HPMC were found to be effective in retarding the release of drugs. The SR matrix tablets of theophylline and etophylline shown better Conclusion: bioavailability, efficacy and potency compared with official standards.

A novel, safe and sensitive method of spectrophotometric estimation in UV-region has been developed for the assay of Paracetamol in its tablet formulation. The method have been developed and validated for the assay of Paracetamol using Methanol and water as diluents. Which does not shows any interference in spectrophotometric estimations. All the parameters of the analysis were chosen according to ICH [Q2 (R1)] guideline and validated statistically using RSD and %RSD along with neat chromate grams.