This study analyzes the relationship between the decentralization policy in East Kalimantan Province and coal mining, using a literature study. The finding shows evidence that there is a mixed impact between the decentralization and mineral and mining sectors. The decentralization policy has provided opportunities for local governments to manage and utilize their natural resources independently. Decentralization in the mining sector brings positive impacts on economic security, as indicated by an increase in the East Kalimantan provinces human development index as of 2016 reaching 74.59. Decentralization would therefore be good for economic growth and poor for basic services such as education and health and the occurrence of landscape changes that lead to environmental damage.

Landasan hukum pengelolaan SDA Indonesia sebelum era desentralisasi dan otonomi daerah khususnya di sektor mineral dan batubara adalah UU No 11 tahun 1967. UU tersebut mengatur tentang kontrak karya generasi pertama dalam pengelolaan sumber daya mineral dan batubara. Semangat didalam kontrak karya sebagai legalitas pengelolaan SDA dalam negeri bersifat hubungan lex spesialis antara pemilik modal dengan negara. Dalam era reformasi sistem pemerintahan yang sebelumnya di kendalikan oleh pusat yang sentalistik berubah menjadi desentralisasi dengan dibentuknya UU No. 22 tahun 1999 tentang pemerintahan daerah yang kemudian di ganti menjadi UU No. 32 tahun 2004 tentang pemerintahan daerah yang terakhir telah diganti menjadi UU No 23 Tahun 2014. Dari sinilah pemerintah daerah diberikan peran yang lebih besar dalam melaksanakan pembangunan didaerahnya masing-masing. Desentralisasi dan otonomi daerah melatarbelakangi terciptanya suatu perubahan Peraturan dibidang pertambangan yang lebih banyak memberikan peran kepada Pemerintah Daerah dalam mengelola usaha pertambangan di daerahnya masingmasing. Dengan adanya pembagian kekuasaan dalam proses pengelolaan sumber daya alam ini, mengakibatkan terjadinya tumpang tindih antara izin yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintah daerah. Sehingga pembagian kekuasaan antara pusat dan daerah dalam konteks areal division of power belum berjalan secara maksimal.

Coal mining activities in East Kalimantan (Kaltim) have been going on for decades but have not had a significant impact on economic development for the people of Kaltim. This has become a paradox, that Kaltim as the largest contributor to coal nationally continues to experience social, economic, and ecological crises. This study aims to explore coal mining management from the perspective of Good Environmental Governance (GEG) using a qualitative descriptive approach with interactive model data analysis. The data in this study, namely primary data, which was conducted through in-depth interviews and semi-structured data from key sources using the interview guide instrument; and secondary data, in the form of publications and documentation to strengthen the conceptual framework, theoretical analysis, and literature review to support this study. Our analysis shows that coal mining has had a very large impact on ecological damage in Kaltim. Coal mining management based on GEG principles is still jargon because, in practice, GEG principles are still in a vacuum and have not been transformed into a concrete policy in the administration of government in the natural resources sector. So that a natural resource and environmental management policy based on the vision of protection and preservation of environmental functions is needed in supporting the implementation of sustainable development.

Perubahan, pembangunan, dan modernisasi dari perspektif sosial perlu dimaknai tidak hanya dalam pengertian fisik pembangunan, tetapi juga dalam hal keterpaduan aspek perlindungan lingkungan yang berdampak progresif terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia. Namun, sistem regulasi pertambangan belum mempertimbangkan Eco Development. Akibat eksploitasi industri pertambangan yang berlangsung sejak tahun 1967, pendapatan negara di sektor bahan baku, khususnya di bidang pertambangan bahan galian, harus digunakan kembali untuk pembersihan lingkungan. Penelitian untuk mengembangkan sistem cerdas AI Mining untuk akuisisi data sensor bertujuan untuk membantu mencapai Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan 13 (Perubahan Iklim) dan 17 (Kemitraan dengan Berbagai Pemangku Kepentingan). Membangun ketahanan, beradaptasi dengan bahaya perubahan iklim dan bencana alam, serta memperkuat kemitraan dengan berbagai pemangku kepentingan dari akademisi, pemerintah, BUMN, swasta (pengusaha), media, dan masyarakat tanpa meninggalkan siapapun.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the low level of political participation of state border communities as an evaluation of the implementation of the elections held by the Malinau Regional Election Commission in 2015. There is a tendency that border communities do not care about democratic parties (elections) being held, because they feel ostracized by the government, even most of their basic needs depend on neighboring countries, namely Malaysia. While the Indonesian government seems to be ignoring border communities with high living costs and low welfare levels. Giving the impression that the election results also did not have an impact on the lives of the people of the country's borders. Whereas one of the objectives of the implementation of the elections is to produce elections that have clean, honest and fair integrity in order to be able to produce qualified leaders to develop community welfare. The results showed that social, economic, geographical, administrative and community apathy conditions affected the level of political participation of people at the border. Community apathy and geographical conditions have a considerable impact, so the development of border communities needs to be an important concern of the government so that the people trust the government. Thus, the awareness of the people of the national borders to build their participation in determining their leaders in the future elections.