Abstract. Triyogo A, Budiadi, Widyastuti SM, Subrata SA, Budi SS. 2020. Abundance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the functional groups in two different habitats. Biodiversitas 21: 2079-2087. Land development often affects the quantity and diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine and compare the ant species abundance and the functional groups between two different habitats, representing land development, including pioneer and agroforestry. This research involved a survey of the ants at the Forest Research Education (FRE) of Wanagama I Yogyakarta, and data were accumulated over a period of five months (April, May, June, July, and August). In addition, pit-fall trap and direct collection methods were used, involving the placement of 54 pit-fall traps at two habitats, and the ant specimens were retrieved after a two day period. The results show the total individual abundance of 2,310 and 2,067, on agroforestry and pioneer, respectively. Furthermore, the species richness and diversity index was higher in agroforestry (7; 2.01), compared with pioneer (6; 1.49), where the three dominant species include, Anoplolepis gracilipes, Solenopsis sp., Odontoponera denticulata; and Anoplolepis gracilipes, Odontoponera denticulata, Camponotus sp., respectively. Conversely, the highest amount of invasive ants (Solenopsis sp.) was observed in agroforestry, which negatively impacted on the presence of native species (Odontoponera denticulata). In addition, PCA analysis showed the development of three ant groups on each habitat, hence agroforestry made more real differences in the aspect of species abundance, and none in terms of richness. Therefore, notable differences were observed in the ant communities between both habitats, and agroforestry was indicated as a disturbed area, based on the increment in tramp and invasive ants, alongside low abundance of native and functional groups.

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Wardatutthoyyibah, Pudyatmoko S, Subrata SA, Imron MA. 2019. The sufficiency of existed protected areas in conserving the habitat of proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Biodiversitas 20: 1-10. Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an endemic species on the island of Borneo. Their population size progressively decreased because they are very sensitive to any habitat destruction and human activity. The population of proboscis monkey in 2008 was estimated at only approximately 25,000 in total, of which only 5,000 within the conservation areas. However so, the continuation of habitat degradation is hardly prevented in non-protected areas. To solve the problem, the Indonesian government commits to increase the population of the proboscis monkey, particularly outside the protected areas. To support this goal, the distribution data of N. larvatus for conservation planning has become necessary. This study aims to build predictive models of the N. larvatus in Kalimantan and to measure how big the overlap between the habitat and the land use activity (protected areas, concession areas, plantation, and agriculture areas). The study used the Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) approach and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) software. We collected recent data from N. larvatus and a number of environmental variables. The result shows that only 5% of the total of Kalimantan area is suitable for their habitat. The overlap between N. larvatus distribution, land use, and land cover map reveals that only 9% of the distribution lies in protected areas, while 37% lies in concession areas and 27% lies in agriculture and plantations areas. We discuss the spatial distribution of the model and current situation of the land use policy in Kalimantan to provide scientific guidance for the Indonesian government to make a master plan for conserving endangered species N. larvatus.

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